grid-template - CSS: Cascading Style Sheets 编辑

The grid-template CSS property is a shorthand property for defining grid columns, rows, and areas.

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Constituent properties

This property is a shorthand for the following CSS properties:

• grid-template-areas
• grid-template-columns
• grid-template-rows

Syntax

/* Keyword value */
grid-template: none;

/* grid-template-rows / grid-template-columns values */
grid-template: 100px 1fr / 50px 1fr;
grid-template: auto 1fr / auto 1fr auto;
grid-template: [linename] 100px / [columnname1] 30% [columnname2] 70%;
grid-template: fit-content(100px) / fit-content(40%);

/* grid-template-areas grid-template-rows / grid-template-column values */
grid-template: "a a a"
               "b b b";
grid-template: "a a a" 20%
               "b b b" auto;
grid-template: [header-top] "a a a"     [header-bottom]
                 [main-top] "b b b" 1fr [main-bottom]
                            / auto 1fr auto;

/* Global values */
grid-template: inherit;
grid-template: initial;
grid-template: unset;

Values

none

Is a keyword that sets all three longhand properties to none, meaning there is no explicit grid. There are no named grid areas. Rows and columns will be implicitly generated; their size will be determined by the grid-auto-rows and grid-auto-columns properties.

<'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'>

Sets grid-template-rows and grid-template-columns to the specified values, and sets grid-template-areas to none.

[ <line-names>? <string> <track-size>? <line-names>? ]+ [ / <explicit-track-list> ]?

Sets grid-template-areas to the strings listed, grid-template-rows to the track sizes following each string (filling in auto for any missing sizes), and splicing in the named lines defined before/after each size, and grid-template-columns to the track listing specified after the slash (or none, if not specified).

Note: The repeat() function isn’t allowed in these track listings, as the tracks are intended to visually line up one-to-one with the rows/columns in the “ASCII art”.

Note: The grid shorthand accepts the same syntax, but also resets the implicit grid properties to their initial values. Use grid (as opposed to grid-template) to prevent these values from cascading in seperately.

Formal definition

Formal syntax

none | [ <'grid-template-rows'> / <'grid-template-columns'> ] | [ <line-names>? <string> <track-size>? <line-names>? ]+ [ / <explicit-track-list> ]?
where 
<line-names> = '[' <custom-ident>* ']'
<track-size> = <track-breadth> | minmax( <inflexible-breadth> , <track-breadth> ) | fit-content( [ <length> | <percentage> ] )
<explicit-track-list> = [ <line-names>? <track-size> ]+ <line-names>?
where 
<track-breadth> = <length-percentage> | <flex> | min-content | max-content | auto
<inflexible-breadth> = <length> | <percentage> | min-content | max-content | auto
where 
<length-percentage> = <length> | <percentage>

Examples

Defining a grid template

CSS

#page {
  display: grid;
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  grid-template: [header-left] "head head" 30px [header-right]
                 [main-left]   "nav  main" 1fr  [main-right]
                 [footer-left] "nav  foot" 30px [footer-right]
                 / 120px 1fr;
}

header {
  background-color: lime;
  grid-area: head;
}

nav {
  background-color: lightblue;
  grid-area: nav;
}

main {
  background-color: yellow;
  grid-area: main;
}

footer {
  background-color: red;
  grid-area: foot;
}

HTML

<section id="page">
  <header>Header</header>
  <nav>Navigation</nav>
  <main>Main area</main>
  <footer>Footer</footer>
</section>

Result

Specifications

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

• Related CSS properties: grid-template-rows, grid-template-columns, grid-template-areas
• Grid Layout Guide: Line-based placement with CSS Grid
• Grid Layout Guide: Grid template areas - Grid definition shorthands
• Video tutorial: Grid Template shorthand