<input type="time"> - HTML（超文本标记语言） 编辑
类型为time的输入元素<input> ，旨在让用户轻松输入时间（小时和分钟，以及可选的秒）。
控件的用户界面因浏览器而异。在现代浏览器中，支持是很好的，因为Safari是唯一尚未实现的主要浏览器；在Safari和任何其他不支持<time>的浏览器中，它会优雅地降级为<input type=“text”>。
这个交互式示例的源代码存储在GitHub存储库中。如果您想对交互式示例项目作出贡献，请克隆https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples并向我们发送请求。
Appearance
Chrome and Opera
在chrome/opera中，选择时间很简单，根据操作系统区域设置，插槽以12或24小时格式输入小时和分钟，上下箭头用于递增和递减当前选定的组件。在某些版本中，会提供一个“x”按钮来清除控件的值。
12-hour
24-hour
Firefox
火狐的时间选择和Chrome非常相似，只是它没有上下箭头。它还使用12或24小时格式输入时间，基于系统区域设置。提供“X”按钮以清除控件的值。
12-hour
24-hour
Edge
Edgede 时间选择有点复杂，打开一个小时和分钟的滚动区域。它和chrome一样，使用12或24小时格式输入时间，基于系统区域设置：
12-hour
24-hour
| Value | A DOMString representing a time, or empty. |
| Events | change and input |
| Supported common attributes | autocomplete, list, readonly, and step |
| IDL attributes | value, valueAsDate, valueAsNumber, and list. |
| Methods | select(), stepDown(), and stepUp(). |
Value
A DOMString containing the value of the time entered into the input. You can set a default value for the input by including a valid time in the value attribute when creating the <input> element, like so:
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time: </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time" value="13:30">You can also get and set the date value in JavaScript using the HTMLInputElement.value property, for example:
var timeControl = document.querySelector('input[type="time"]');
timeControl.value = '15:30';Time value format
The value of the time input is always in 24-hour format: hh:mm, regardless of the input format, which is likely to be selected based on the user's locale (or by the user agent). If the time includes seconds (see Using the step attribute), the format is always hh:mm:ss. You can learn more about the format of the time value used by this input type in Time strings in Date and time formats used in HTML.
在此示例中，您可以通过输入时间并查看之后如何更改来查看时间输入的值。
首先，看一下HTML。这很简单，带有我们之前看到的标签和输入，但添加了额外的元素p和span用来显示时间值
<form>
<label for="startTime">Start time: </label>
<input type="time" id="startTime">
<p>
Value of the <code>time</code> input: <code>
"<span id="value">n/a</span>"</code>.
</p>
</form>The JavaScript code adds code to the time input to watch for the input event, which is triggered every time the contents of an input element change. When this happens, the contents of the <span> are replaced with the new value of the input element.
var startTime = document.getElementById("startTime");
var valueSpan = document.getElementById("value");
startTime.addEventListener("input", function() {
valueSpan.innerText = startTime.value;
}, false);When a form including a time input is submitted, the value is encoded before being included in the form's data. The form's data entry for a time input will always be in the form name=hh%3Amm, or name=hh%3Amm%3ass if seconds are included (see Using the step attribute).
Additional attributes
In addition to the attributes common to all <input> elements, time inputs offer the following attributes:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
max | The latest time to accept, in the syntax described under Time value format |
min | The earliest time to accept as a valid input |
readonly | A Boolean attribute which, if present, indicates that the contents of the time input should not be user-editable |
step | The stepping interval to use both for user interfaces purposes and during constraint validation |
min of 14:00 and a max of 2:00 means that the permitted time values start at 2:00 PM, run through midnight to the next day, ending at 2:00 AM.max
A string indicating the latest time to accept, specified in the same time value format as described above. If the specified string isn't a valid time, no maximum value is set.
min
A string specifying the earliest time to accept, given in the time value format described previously. If the value specified isn't a valid time string, no minimum value is set.
readonly
A Boolean attribute which, if present, means this field cannot be edited by the user. Its value can, however, still be changed by JavaScript code directly setting the HTMLInputElement.value property.
Note: Because a read-only field cannot have a value, required does not have any effect on inputs with the readonly attribute also specified.
step
The step attribute is a number that specifies the granularity that the value must adhere to, or the special value any, which is described below. Only values which are equal to the basis for stepping (min if specified, value otherwise, and an appropriate default value if neither of those is provided) are valid.
A string value of any means that no stepping is implied, and any value is allowed (barring other constraints, such as min and max).
Note: When the data entered by the user doesn't adhere to the stepping configuration, the user agent may round to the nearest valid value, preferring numbers in the positive direction when there are two equally close options.
For time inputs, the value of step is given in seconds, with a scaling factor of 1000 (since the underlying numeric value is in milliseconds). The default value of step is 60, indicating 60 seconds (or 1 minute, or 60,000 milliseconds).
At this time, it's unclear what a value of any means for step when used with time inputs. This will be updated as soon as that information is determined.
Using time inputs
虽然data和time输入类型中的时间具有最广泛的浏览器支持，但它尚未接近普及，因此您可能需要提供一种替代方法来输入日期和时间，以便Safari用户（和用户）其他非支持浏览器）仍然可以轻松输入时间值。
We'll look at basic and more complex uses of <input type="time">, then offer advice on mitigating the browser support issue later on (see Handling browser support).
Basic uses of time
The simplest use of <input type="time"> involves a basic <input> and <label> element combination, as seen below:
<form>
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time: </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time">
</form>Controlling input size
<input type="time"> doesn't support form sizing attributes such as size, since times are always about the same number of characters long. You'll have to resort to CSS for sizing needs.
Using the step attribute
You can use the step attribute to vary the amount of time jumped whenever the time is incremented or decremented (for example, so the time moves by 10 minutes at a time when clicking the little arrow widgets).
This property has some strange effects across browsers, so is not completely reliable.
It takes an integer value that equates to the number of seconds you want to increment by; the default value is 60 seconds, or one minute. If you specify a value of less than 60 seconds (1 minute), the time input will show a seconds input area alongside the hours and minutes:
<form>
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time: </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time" step="2">
</form>In Chrome and Opera, which are the only browsers to show up/down iteration arrows, clicking the arrows changes the seconds value by two seconds, but doesn't affect the hours or minutes. Minutes (or hours) can only be used for stepping when you specify a number of minutes (or hours) in seconds, such as 120 for 2 minutes, or 7200 for 2 hours).
In Firefox, there are no arrows, so the step value isn't used. However, providing it does add the seconds input area adjacent to the minutes section.
The steps value seems to have no effect in Edge.
Using step seems to cause validation to not work properly (as seen in the next section).
Validation
By default, <input type="time"> does not apply any validation to entered values, other than the user agent's interface generally not allowing you to enter anything other than a time value. This is helpful (assuming the time input is fully supported by the user agent), but you can't entirely rely on the value to be a proper time string, since it might be an empty string (""), which is allowed. It's also possible for the value to look roughly like a valid time but not be correct, such as 25:05.
Setting maximum and minimum times
You can use the min and max attributes to restrict the valid times that can be chosen by the user. In the following example we are setting a minimum time of 12:00 and a maximum time of 18:00:
<form>
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time (opening hours 12:00 to 18:00): </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time"
min="12:00" max="18:00">
<span class="validity"></span>
</form>Here's the CSS used in the above example. Here we make use of the :valid and :invalid CSS properties to style the input based on whether or not the current value is valid. We had to put the icons on a <span> next to the input, not on the input itself, because in Chrome the generated content is placed inside the form control, and can't be styled or shown effectively.
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
position: relative;
}
input[type="number"] {
width: 100px;
}
input + span {
padding-right: 30px;
}
input:invalid+span:after {
position: absolute;
content: '✖';
padding-left: 5px;
}
input:valid+span:after {
position: absolute;
content: '✓';
padding-left: 5px;
}The result here is that:
- Only times between 12:00 and 18:00 will be seen as valid; times outside that range will be denoted as invalid.
- Depending on what browser you're using, you might find that times outside the specified range might not even be selectable in the time picker (e.g. Edge).
Making times required
In addition, you can use the required attribute to make filling in the time mandatory. As a result, supporting browsers will display an error if you try to submit a time that is outside the set bounds, or an empty time field.
Let's look at an example; here we've set minimum and maximum times, and also made the field required:
<form>
<div>
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time (opening hours 12:00 to 18:00): </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time"
min="12:00" max="18:00" required>
<span class="validity"></span>
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="Submit form">
</div>
</form>If you try to submit the form with an incomplete time (or with a time outside the set bounds), the browser displays an error. Try playing with the example now:
Here's a screenshot for those of you who aren't using a browser that supports time inputs:
Important: HTML form validation is not a substitute for scripts that ensure that the entered data is in the proper format. It's far too easy for someone to make adjustments to the HTML that allow them to bypass the validation, or to remove it entirely. It's also possible for someone to simply bypass your HTML entirely and submit the data directly to your server. If your server-side code fails to validate the data it receives, disaster could strike when improperly-formatted data is submitted (or data which is too large, of the wrong type, and so forth).
Handling browser support
As mentioned above, Safari and a few other, less common, browsers don't yet support time inputs natively. In general, otherwise, support is good — especially on mobile platforms, which tend to have very nice user interfaces for specifying a time value. For example, the time picker on Chrome for Android looks like this:
Browsers that don't support time inputs gracefully degrade to a text input, but this creates problems both in terms of consistency of user interface (the presented control will be different), and data handling.
The second problem is the more serious; as mentioned previously, time inputs' values are always normalized to the format hh:mm or hh:mm:ss. With a text input, on the other hand, by default the browser has no idea of what format the time should be in, and there multiple ways in which people write times, such as:
3.00 pm3:00pm15:003 o'clock in the afternoon- etc.
One way around this is to put a pattern attribute on your time input. Even though the time input doesn't use it, the text input fallback will. For example, try viewing the following demo in a browser that doesn't support time inputs:
<form>
<div>
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time (opening hours 12:00 to 18:00): </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time"
min="12:00" max="18:00" required
pattern="[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}">
<span class="validity"></span>
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="Submit form">
</div>
</form>If you try submitting it, you'll see that non-supporting browsers now display an error message (and highlight the input as invalid) if your entry doesn't match the pattern nn:nn, where n is a number from 0 to 9. Of course, this doesn't stop people from entering invalid times, or incorrectly formatted times that follow the pattern.
Then there's the problem of the user having no idea exactly what format the time is expected to be in.
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
position: relative;
}
input[type="number"] {
width: 100px;
}
input + span {
padding-right: 30px;
}
input:invalid+span:after {
position: absolute;
content: '✖';
padding-left: 5px;
}
input:valid+span:after {
position: absolute;
content: '✓';
padding-left: 5px;
}The best way to deal with times in forms in a cross-browser way, for the time being, is to get the user to enter the hours and minutes (and seconds if required) in separate controls (<select> elements are popular; see below for an example), or use JavaScript libraries such as the jQuery timepicker plugin.
Examples
In this example, we create two sets of interface elements for choosing times: a native picker created with <input type="time">, and a set of two <select> elements for choosing hours/minutes in older browsers that don't support the native input.
The HTML looks like so:
<form>
<div class="nativeTimePicker">
<label for="appt-time">Choose an appointment time (opening hours 12:00 to 18:00): </label>
<input id="appt-time" type="time" name="appt-time"
min="12:00" max="18:00" required>
<span class="validity"></span>
</div>
<p class="fallbackLabel">Choose an appointment time (opening hours 12:00 to 18:00):</p>
<div class="fallbackTimePicker">
<div>
<span>
<label for="hour">Hour:</label>
<select id="hour" name="hour">
</select>
</span>
<span>
<label for="minute">Minute:</label>
<select id="minute" name="minute">
</select>
</span>
</div>
</div>
</form>The hour and minutes values for their <select> elements are dynamically generated.
div {
margin-bottom: 10px;
position: relative;
}
input[type="number"] {
width: 100px;
}
input + span {
padding-right: 30px;
}
input:invalid+span:after {
position: absolute;
content: '✖';
padding-left: 5px;
}
input:valid+span:after {
position: absolute;
content: '✓';
padding-left: 5px;
}The other part of the code that may be of interest is the feature detection code — to detect whether the browser supports <input type="time">, we create a new <input> element, set its type to time, then immediately check what its type is set to — non-supporting browsers will return text, because the time type falls back to type text. If <input type="time"> is not supported, we hide the native picker and show the fallback picker UI (<select>s) instead.
// define variables
var nativePicker = document.querySelector('.nativeTimePicker');
var fallbackPicker = document.querySelector('.fallbackTimePicker');
var fallbackLabel = document.querySelector('.fallbackLabel');
var hourSelect = document.querySelector('#hour');
var minuteSelect = document.querySelector('#minute');
// hide fallback initially
fallbackPicker.style.display = 'none';
fallbackLabel.style.display = 'none';
// test whether a new date input falls back to a text input or not
var test = document.createElement('input');
test.type = 'time';
// if it does, run the code inside the if() {} block
if(test.type === 'text') {
// hide the native picker and show the fallback
nativePicker.style.display = 'none';
fallbackPicker.style.display = 'block';
fallbackLabel.style.display = 'block';
// populate the hours and minutes dynamically
populateHours();
populateMinutes();
}
function populateHours() {
// populate the hours <select> with the 6 open hours of the day
for(var i = 12; i <= 18; i++) {
var option = document.createElement('option');
option.textContent = i;
hourSelect.appendChild(option);
}
}
function populateMinutes() {
// populate the minutes <select> with the 60 hours of each minute
for(var i = 0; i <= 59; i++) {
var option = document.createElement('option');
option.textContent = (i < 10) ? ("0" + i) : i;
minuteSelect.appendChild(option);
}
}
// make it so that if the hour is 18, the minutes value is set to 00
// — you can't select times past 18:00
function setMinutesToZero() {
if(hourSelect.value === '18') {
minuteSelect.value = '00';
}
}
hourSelect.onchange = setMinutesToZero;
minuteSelect.onchange = setMinutesToZero;Specifications
| Specification | Status | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| HTML Living Standard <input type="time"> | Living Standard |
Browser compatibility
BCD tables only load in the browser
The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.See also
- The generic
<input>element and the interface used to manipulate it,HTMLInputElement - Date and time formats used in HTML
- Date and Time picker tutorial
<input type="datetime-local">,<input type="date">,<input type="week">, and<input type="month">
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