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HTMLInputElement - Web API 接口参考编辑

HTMLInputElement 接口提供了特定的属性和方法（继承自常规的HTML元素接口）用于管理输入元素的布局和外观。

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属性

与父表单相关的属性
`form`只读	`HTMLFormElement object:` 返回一个父表单元素的引用。
`formAction`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `formaction` 属性, 包含处理元素提交信息程序的URI. 这会重写父表单的 `action` 属性.
`formEncType`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `formenctype` 属性, 包含将表单提交到服务器的内容类型. 这会重写父表单的 `enctype` 属性.
`formMethod`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `formmethod` 属性, 包含浏览器用于提交表单的HTTP方法. 这会重写父表单的 `method` 属性.
`formNoValidate`	`boolean`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `formnovalidate` 属性, 表示在表单提交时不对其进行验证. 这会重写父表单的 `novalidate` 属性.
`formTarget`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `formtarget` 属性, 包含一个名称或关键字, 表示在提交表单后接收响应的显示位置. 这会重写父表单的 `target` 属性.

可用于任何非隐藏输入元素的属性
`name`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `name` 属性, 包含其名称.
`type`	`string:` 返回/ 设置元素的 `type` 属性, 包含其显示类型. 查看 `<input>` 的 `type` 属性可用值.
`disabled`	`boolean`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `disabled` 属性, 表示是否禁用 `<input>`. 该元素的值将不会被提交. 也可以查看 `readonly`
`autofocus`	`boolean:` 返回/ 设置元素的 `autofocus` 属性, 指定的 `<input>` 在页面加载时应当具有输入焦点, 例如通过键入不同的控件. 在文档中只有一个表单元素可以拥有 `autofocus` 属性. 如果 `type` 属性被设置为 `hidden` 则无效(即不可为隐藏控件设置自动焦点).
`required`	`boolean`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `required` 属性, 表示用户必填项.
`value`	`string:` 返回/ 设置当前控件的值. 提示: 如果用户输入与预期不同，可能会返回空.
`validity` 只读	`ValidityState object:` Returns the validity state that this element is in.
`validationMessage` 只读	`string:` Returns a localized message that describes the validation constraints that the control does not satisfy (if any). This is the empty string if the control is not a candidate for constraint validation (`willvalidate` is false), or it satisfies its constraints.
`willValidate`只读	`Boolean:` Indicates whether the element is a candidate for constraint validation. It is false if any conditions bar it from constraint validation.

仅适用于类型为"checkbox" 或 "radio"元素的属性
`checked`	`boolean:` 返回/ 设置当前选中状态，当控件`type` 是 `checkbox` 或 `radio时`.
`defaultChecked`	`boolean:` 返回/ 设置 the default state of a radio button or checkbox as originally specified in HTML that created this object.
`indeterminate`	`boolean:` indicates that the checkbox is neither on nor off. Changes the appearance to resemble a third state. Does not affect the value of the checked 属性, and clicking the checkbox will set the value to false.

仅适用于类型为"image"元素的属性
`alt`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `alt` 属性, 包含 alternative text to use when `type` is `image.`
`height`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `height` 属性, which defines the height of the image displayed for the button, if the value of `type` is `image`.
`src`	`string:` 返回/ 设置元素的 `src` 属性, which specifies a URI for the location of an image to display on the graphical submit button, if the value of `type` is `image`; otherwise it is ignored.
`width`	`string:` 返回/ 设置 the document's `width` 属性, which defines the width of the image displayed for the button, if the value of `type` is `image`.

仅适用于类型为"file"元素的属性
`accept`	`string`: Returns / Sets 元素的 `accept` 属性, 包含 comma-separated list of file types accepted by the server when `type` is `file`.
`allowdirs`	boolean: Part of the non-standard Directory Upload API; indicates whether or not to allow directories and files both to be selected in the file list. Implemented only in Firefox and is hidden behind a preference.
`files`	Returns/accepts a `FileList` object, which contains a list of `File` objects representing the files selected for upload.
`webkitdirectory`	boolean: Returns the `webkitdirectory` 属性; if true, the file system picker interface only accepts directories instead of files.
`webkitEntries`	Array of `FileSystemEntry` objects describing the currently-selected files or directories.

仅适用于文本或数字输入元素的属性
`autocomplete`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `autocomplete` 属性, indicating whether the value of the control can be automatically completed by the browser. Ignored if the value of the `type` 属性is `hidden`, `checkbox`, `radio`, `file`, or a button type (`button`, `submit`, `reset`, `image`). Possible values are: "on": the browser can autocomplete the value using previously stored value "off": the user must explicity enter a value
`maxLength`	`long`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `maxlength` 属性, 包含 the maximum length of characters (in Unicode code points) that the value can have. (If you set this to a negative number, an exception will be thrown.)
`size`	`unsigned long`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `size` 属性, 包含 size of the control. This value is in pixels unless the value of `type` is `text` or `password`, in which case, it is an integer number of characters. Applies only when `type` is set to `text`, `search`, `tel`, `url`, `email`, or `password`; otherwise it is ignored.
`pattern`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `pattern` 属性, 包含 a regular expression that the control's value is checked against. Use the `title` 属性to describe the pattern to help the user. This 属性applies when the value of the `type` 属性is `text`, `search`, `tel`, `url` or `email`; otherwise it is ignored.
`placeholder`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `placeholder` 属性, 包含 a hint to the user of what can be entered in the control. The placeholder text must not contain carriage returns or line-feeds. This 属性applies when the value of the `type` 属性is `text`, `search`, `tel`, `url` or `email`; otherwise it is ignored.
`readOnly`	`boolean`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `readonly` 属性, indicating that the user cannot modify the value of the control. HTML5This is ignored if the value of the `type` 属性is `hidden`, `range`, `color`, `checkbox`, `radio`, `file`, or a button type.
`min`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `min` 属性, 包含 the minimum (numeric or date-time) value for this item, which must not be greater than its maximum (`max` 属性) value.
`max`	`string`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `max` 属性, 包含 the maximum (numeric or date-time) value for this item, which must not be less than its minimum (min 属性) value.
`selectionStart`	`unsigned long`: 返回/ 设置 the beginning index of the selected text. When nothing is selected, this returns the position of the text input cursor (caret) inside of the `<input>` element.
`selectionEnd`	`unsigned long`: 返回/ 设置 the end index of the selected text. When there's no selection, this returns the offset of the character immediately following the current text input cursor position.
`selectionDirection`	`string`: 返回/ 设置 the direction in which selection occurred. Possible values are: `"forward"` if selection was performed in the start-to-end direction of the current locale, `"backward"` for the opposite direction, `"none"` if the direction is unknown."

未分类的属性
`defaultValue`	`string:` 返回/ 设置 the default value as originally specified in the HTML that created this object.
`dirName`	`string:` 返回/ 设置 the directionality of the element.
`accessKey`	`string`: 返回 a string 包含 a single character that switches input focus to the control when pressed.
`list` 只读	`HTMLElement object:` 返回 the element pointed by the `list` 属性. The property may be `null` if no HTML element found in the same tree.
`multiple`	`boolean`: 返回/ 设置元素的 `multiple` 属性, indicating whether more than one value is possible (e.g., multiple files).
`files`	`FileList array:` 返回the list of selected files.
`HTMLInputElement.labels` 只读	`NodeList array:` 返回a list of `<label>` elements that are labels for this element.
`step`	`string:` 返回/ 设置元素的 `step` 属性, which works with `min` and `max` to limit the increments at which a numeric or date-time value can be set. It can be the string `any` or a positive floating point number. If this is not set to `any`, the control accepts only values at multiples of the step value greater than the minimum.
`valueAsDate`	`Date object:` Returns / Sets the value of the element, interpreted as a date, or `null` if conversion is not possible.
`valueAsNumber`	`double`: 返回the value of the element, interpreted as one of the following, in order: a time value a number NaN if conversion is impossible
`autocapitalize`	`string:` 定义 the capitalization behavior for user input. Valid values are `none`, `off`, `characters`, `words`, or `sentences`.

HTMLInputElement.align: string: represents the alignment of the element. Use CSS instead.
HTMLInputElement.useMap: string: represents a client-side image map.

方法

`focus()`	Focus on the input element; keystrokes will subsequently go to this element.
`blur()`	Removes focus from input; keystrokes will subsequently go nowhere.
`select()`	Selects the input text in the element, and focuses it so the user can subsequently replace the whole entry.
`click()`	Simulates a click on the element.
`setSelectionRange()`	Selects a range of text in the element (but does not focus it). The optional selectionDirection parameter may be "forward" or "backward" to establish the direction in which selection was set, or "none" if the direction is unknown or not relevant. The default is "none". Specifying a selectionDirection parameter sets the value of the selectionDirection property.
`setRangeText()`	Replaces a range of text with the new text. If the `start` and `end` arguments are not provided, the range is assumed to be the selection.The final argument determines how the selection should be set after the text has been replaced. The possible values are: "`select`" Selects the newly inserted text. "`start`" Moves the selection to just before the inserted text. "`end`" Moves the selection to just after the selected text. "`preserve`" Attempts to preserve the selection. This is the default.
`setCustomValidity()`	Sets a custom validity message for the element. If this message is not the empty string, then the element is suffering from a custom validity error, and does not validate.
`checkValidity()`	Returns a `Boolean` that is `false` if the element is a candidate for constraint validation, and it does not satisfy its constraints. In this case, it also fires an `invalid` event at the element. It returns `true` if the element is not a candidate for constraint validation, or if it satisfies its constraints.

HTMLInputElement.stepDown()

Decrements the value by (step * n), where n defaults to 1 if not specified. Throws an INVALID_STATE_ERR exception:

if the method is not applicable to for the current type value,
if the element has no step value,
if the value cannot be converted to a number,
if the resulting value is above the max or below the min.

HTMLInputElement.stepUp()

Increments the value by (step * n), where n defaults to 1 if not specified. Throws an INVALID_STATE_ERR exception:

if the method is not applicable to for the current type value.,
if the element has no step value,
if the value cannot be converted to a number,
if the resulting value is above the max or below the min.

HTMLInputElement.mozSetFileArray()

Sets the files selected on the input to the given array of File objects. This is an alternative to mozSetFileNameArray() which can be used in frame scripts: a chrome script can open files as File objects and send them via message manager.

HTMLInputElement.mozGetFileNameArray()

Returns an array of all the file names from the input.

HTMLInputElement.mozSetFileNameArray()

Sets the filenames for the files selected on the input. Not for use in frame scripts, because it accesses the file system.

规范

Specification	Status	Comment
HTML Living Standard HTMLInputElement	Living Standard	No change from HTML5
HTML5 HTMLInputElement	Recommendation	Technically, the tabindex and accesskey properties, as well as the blur(), click(), and focus() methods, are now defined on `HTMLElement`. The following properties are now obsolete: align and useMap. The following properties have been added: autocomplete, autofocus, dirName, files, formAction, formEncType, formMethod, formNoValidate, formTarget, height, indeterminate, labels, list, max, min, multiple, pattern, placeholder, required, selectionDirection, selectionEnd, selectionStart, step, validationMessage, validity, valueAsDate, valueAsNumber, width, and willValidate. The following methods have been added: checkValidity(), setCustomValidity(), setSelectionRange(), stepUp(), and stepDown().
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 2 HTML Specification HTMLInputElement	Obsolete	The size property is now an unsigned long. The type property must be entirely given in lowercase characters.
Document Object Model (DOM) Level 1 Specification HTMLInputElement	Obsolete	Initial definition.

浏览器兼容性

We're converting our compatibility data into a machine-readable JSON format. This compatibility table still uses the old format, because we haven't yet converted the data it contains. Find out how you can help!

Desktop
Mobile

Feature	Chrome	Edge	Firefox (Gecko)	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari (WebKit)
Basic support	(Yes)	(Yes)	1.0 (1.7 or earlier)	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)
autocomplete & autofocus properties	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)
files property	(Yes)	(Yes)	3.0 (1.9)^[2]	10	?	?
multiple property	(Yes)	(Yes)	3.6 (1.9.2)	?	?	?
indeterminate property	?	(Yes)	(Yes)	?	?	?
list property	?	(Yes)	(Yes)	?	?	?
formAction, formEncType, formMethod, formTarget properties	(Yes)	(Yes)	4.0 (2)^[3]	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)
formNoValidate, validationMessage, validity, willValidate properties and setCustomValidity() and checkValidity() methods.	(Yes)	(Yes)	4.0 (2)	10	(Yes)	(Yes)
pattern, placeholder, required properties	(Yes)	(Yes)	4.0 (2)	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)
height and weight properties	(Yes)	(Yes)	16 (16)	?	?	?
`labels` property	14.0	未实现	56 (56)^[1]	?	?	?
min, max, and step for <input type="number">	(Yes)	(Yes)	Experimental, and without specific UI, since 16 (16): behind the pref dom.experimental_forms	?	?	(Yes)
stepUp and stepDown methods	?	(Yes)	Experimental since 16 (16): behind the pref dom.experimental_forms There are still differences with the latest spec: bug 835773	?	?	?
min, max, and step properties for <input type="range">	(Yes)	(Yes)	23 (23)	?	?	(Yes)
min, max, and step properties for <input type="date">	(Yes)	(Yes)	Experimental, and without specific UI, since 20 (20): behind the pref dom.experimental_forms	?	?	(Yes)
min, max, and step properties for other date-related type values	(Yes)	(Yes)	未实现	?	?	(Yes)
mozGetFileNameArray() and mozSetFileNameArray() methods	未实现	未实现	3.6 (1.9.2)	未实现	未实现	未实现
mozSetFileArray() method	未实现	未实现	38 (38)	未实现	未实现	未实现
autocapitalize	43.0	未实现	?	?	?	?

Feature	Android	Android Webview	Edge	Firefox Mobile (Gecko)	IE Phone	Opera Mobile	Safari Mobile	Chrome for Android
Basic support	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)	1.0 (1.0)^[3]	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)	(Yes)
autocapitalize	未实现	43.0	未实现	?	?	?	?	43.0

[1] Implemented in bug 556743.

[2] The files property was made settable in Firefox 57 (bug 1384030).

[3] In Firefox 56, the implementation has been updated so that the formAction property returns the correct form submission URL, as per spec, when the associated <input> is being used to submit a form (bug 1366361).