用于 Java 开发的 Solaris/FreeBSD 与 Linux
几年前，我从 Windows 切换到 Linux，以获得更轻量级和稳定的桌面环境。效果很好，但我在 Linux 上遇到了足够多的问题，需要考虑另一个改变。具体来说，我正在寻找系统库更好的稳定性。
我使用 Debian Unstable（呃……我的意思是测试），因为我需要跟踪一些 Linux 应用程序的开发。由于它们正在积极开发中，我预计它们偶尔会出现错误。我的问题是基本系统实用程序损坏的频率，例如 hdparm 或 halevt。在过去的一年里，每次我更新系统或进行全新安装时，一些不同的实用程序都会被破坏。
最好的替代方案似乎是 FreeBSD 和 Solaris。 （Solaris 可以免费用于开发，这是我所关心的）。我在这里问哪个更适合我的使用和/或他们是否有足够多的问题，我最好坚持使用 Linux。
我的用法：
Java 开发，编程风格小心地与系统无关，桌面应用程序，目标用户主要在 Windows 和 OS X 上
在各种操作系统上运行应用程序的虚拟化
常规 destop 内容：文字处理、网络、音乐
不用作服务器
到目前为止，它似乎是：
FreeBSD Pro文档、社区、简洁的设计、广泛的端口Con Java 支持
Solaris Pro Java 和虚拟化支持 缺点 查看 FreeBSD 专业版内容
Years ago, I switched from Windows to Linux to get a more lightweight and stable desktop environment. It worked out well, but I'm having enough problems with Linux to consider another change. Specifically, I'm looking for better stability in the system libraries.
I use Debian Unstable (argh..I meant Testing) because I need to track development in some Linux applications. Since they are in active development, I expect occasional bugs in them. My problem is with the frequency of breakage in basic system utilities, like hdparm or halevt. In the past year, every time I have updated a system or done a fresh install, some different utility has been broken.
The best alternatives seem to be FreeBSD and Solaris. (Solaris is free for development use, which is all I care about). I'm asking here which would be better for my use and/or whether they have enough of their own problems that I would be better off sticking with Linux.
My usage:
Java development, programming style is carefully system-independent, desktop apps, target users mostly on Windows and OS X
Virtualization to run apps on various OSes
General destop stuff: wordprocessing, web, music
Not used as a server
So far, it seems to be:
FreeBSD Pro documentation, community, clean design, extensive ports Con Java support
Solaris Pro Java and virtualization support Con see FreeBSD pro stuff
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显然，Solaris 上的 Java 得到了很好的支持并且非常稳定。它是（或者至少曾经是）Java 团队的主要开发平台。
就兼容性和可用驱动程序而言，Solaris 对硬件的要求肯定比 Linux 更高。您有必要检查兼容性列表，尤其是您的显卡的兼容性列表，以确保它适合您。 Solaris 拥有非常稳定的用户空间，并且还具有您可能想要或不想使用的其他有趣的 Solaris 功能（ZFS、DTrace、SMF 等）。
在稳定性方面，FreeBSD 也非常稳定，因为内核和用户态作为一个整体相互跟踪。我无法谈论 FreeBSD 上的 Java 兼容性。我可以说几年前我没有什么好的经历，但是……那是几年前的事了。我相信 Linux 比 FreeBSD 有更好的 Java 支持。
两个系统都有大量可用的软件包，FreeBSD 可能更大，并且有更好的机会将某些东西移植到 FreeBSD 而不是 Solaris（当然，这取决于软件包的利基市场）。
我相信 Solaris 比 FreeBSD 具有更高的基本资源要求，如果这很重要的话，很可能不会。 “桌面上的 Solaris”有点矛盾。它确实可以完成基本的工作，但这并不是它成功的主要领域（例如声音、闪存、视频等）。
如果您的硬件可以与 Solaris 配合使用（或者您愿意购买硬件），那么我会选择 Solaris 。如果“多媒体”桌面对您来说确实很重要，那么假设 Java 可以工作，FreeBSD 可能会更好。
我，我用的是Mac。我并不是以某种自鸣得意的方式这么说，但如果你想要一个 Unix 工作站环境来开发 Java，那么 Mac 真的很难被击败，特别是现在 Oracle 拿起了 SDK 支持来保持 Java（理想情况下）的运行迄今为止比苹果更及时。 （是的，有很多理由不喜欢 Mac，但如果“unix”和“java”在您的要求列表中名列前茅，那么 Mac 实际上很好地满足了这些要求。）
我使用 Ubuntu 大约有一年半的时间。 8.x 很好。 9.x 没那么多，从来没有升级到 10.x。我会在 Windows 上使用其中任何一个。
所以，在我的优先列表中：Mac、Solaris、Linux、BSD，除非 BSD 的 Java 支持已经完全无麻烦且功能齐全，没有“哦，你正在使用 BSD”主义。然后我会先尝试 BSD，然后再尝试 Linux。
Well, obviously, Java on Solaris is well supported and really stable. It is (or at least was) a primary development platform for the Java team.
Solaris is pickier about hardware than certainly Linux is, in terms of compatibility and available drivers. It would behoove you to check against the compatibility lists, especially for your graphics card, to make sure it works well for you. Solaris has a pretty rock stable userland, and it also has the other interesting Solaris features that you may or may not want to use (ZFS, DTrace, SMF, etc.).
At a stability level, FreeBSD is super stable as well, being as the kernel and userland track each other as a whole. I can't speak to Java compatibility on FreeBSD. I can say I didn't have a good experience years ago, but...that was years ago. Linux I believe has/had better Java support than FreeBSD.
Both systems have large suites of available software packages available, FreeBSD is likely larger, and there's a better chance something may have been ported to FreeBSD over Solaris (depending on the niche of the package, of course).
Solaris I believe has a bit higher base resource requirements than FreeBSD, if that matters, most likely not. "Solaris on the desktop" is a bit of an oxymoron. It certainly does the basic stuff, but it's not it's dominant area of success (things like sound, flash, video, etc.)
If your hardware works with Solaris (or you're willing to buy hardware), then I would go with Solaris. If the "multi media" desktop is really important to you, FreeBSD may be better assuming the Java works.
Me, I use a Mac. I don't say that in some smug way or anything, but if you want a Unix workstation environment to develop Java on, a Mac is really hard to beat, especially now with Oracle picking up the SDK support to keep Java (ideally) up to date more timely than Apple did. (Yes, there are lots of reasons to not like a Mac, but if "unix" and "java" are high on your list of requirements, the Mac actually meets those pretty well.)
I used Ubuntu for about a year and half. 8.x was nice. 9.x not so much, never upgraded to 10.x. I'd use any of these over Windows.
So, in my priority list: Mac, Solaris, Linux, BSD unless BSD's Java support has gotten completely hassle free and functional with no "Oh, you're using BSD"isms. Then I'd try BSD before Linux.
我建议你坚持使用linux。您可能想考虑使用 Fedora 之类的东西，而不是使用不稳定的 Debian。它经常更新。您有 Java IDE（Eclipse、Netbeans）和 Linux java 支持。您还可以使用 virtualbox 等虚拟机。
I suggest you to stick to linux. instead of using unstable Debian, you might want to consider something like Fedora. it gets updates frequently. You have Java IDE's(Eclipse, Netbeans) and Linux java support. you can also use virtual machines like virtualbox.
我建议分离关注点。
选择一个稳定的发行版作为主机操作系统，然后在其中安装虚拟机环境（如vmware player）。然后安装那些你需要在其中跟踪的不稳定的，甚至可能还加上一个 Windows 实例。
然后，您可以在需要时运行您需要的那些，同时保持稳定的发行版不受损害。
I would suggest separating concerns.
Choose a stable distribution as the host operating system and then install a virtual machine environment in it (like vmware player). Then install those unstable ones you need to track inside it, plus perhaps even a Windows instance.
You can then run those you need to, when you need to, while keeping your stable distribution unharmed.
冒着听起来异端的风险，您应该重新考虑 Windows 上的 Java 开发。
Windows XP 非常稳定 [0]。
唯一的问题是 Windows 的“主要”Java IDE (Eclipse) 非常占用内存。
[0] 这来自于一个人，他在第一份兼职办公室工作中安装了他的第一个 Slackware 以取代 Windows 3.11，并且几乎不间断地运行 Linux 约 15 年
At the risk of sounding heretical, you should re-consider Java development on Windows.
Windows XP is VERY stable [0].
The only problem is that the "main" Java IDE for Windows (Eclipse) is VERY VERY memory hoggish.
[0] this comes from someone who installed his first Slackware to replace Windows 3.11 at the very first part time office job he had and have run Linux nearly non-stop for ~15 years
FreeBSD 的主要弱点是 Java 和虚拟化支持，而这恰好是 Solaris 的强项。我不推荐 Solaris 10 作为桌面操作系统，但可以尝试 Solaris 11 Express，它是 OpenSolaris 的后代。这是一个很棒的操作系统，但在我看来，它的主要弱点是用户基数太小。 Oracle 的文档很好，并且有一个活跃的邮件列表，但是您会发现 Google 结果中关于这个模糊问题的信息较少，等等。
我希望 FreeBSD 会更加稳定（从发行版到发行版的变化最少）版本）比 Linux 或 S11E 更好。
在一般桌面使用方面，S11E可能有优势，但都没有达到Mac OS X的水平。
FreeBSD's main weaknesses here are Java and virtualization support, which happen to be Solaris' strengths. I wouldn't recommend Solaris 10 as a desktop OS, but try Solaris 11 Express, the descendent of OpenSolaris. It's a great OS, whose main weakness in my mind is its small user base. The documentation from Oracle is good, and there is an active mailing list, but you'll find less in the way of Google results for that one obscure issue etc.
I'd expect that FreeBSD would be more stable (least changing from release to release) than either Linux or S11E.
In terms of general desktop use, S11E might have the edge, but neither is near the level of say Mac OS X.
考虑使用最新的 Ubuntu（10.10？）而不是不稳定的 debian。 Ubuntu 远不如 Debian 保守，因此您将更接近前沿。
Debian不稳定被标记为这样是有原因的......
Consider the latest Ubuntu (10.10?) instead of debian unstable. Ubuntu is far less conservative than Debian, so you will get closer to the bleeding edge.
Debian unstable is labeled as so for a reason...
在数以千计的 Linux 发行版中，您选择了带有“不稳定”一词的发行版；）？获取 Ubuntu / Fedora / OpenSuse / Slackware 或同样经过良好测试且稳定的东西。如果您需要帮助选择，请访问 Distrowatch。
Of all the thousands of Linux distributions out there, you picked the one with the word "unstable" in it ;)? Get Ubuntu / Fedora / OpenSuse / Slackware or something equally well-tested and stable. Go to Distrowatch if you need help choosing.
Debian 测试会做你想要的，如果没有 bug，它是不稳定的 + 10 天，如果你需要一些最新的软件包，你仍然可以使用带有固定的 sid 源。
Debian testing will do what you want, it's unstable + 10 days if there are no bugs, and you can still use sid sources with pinning if you need some up to date packages.
将工作分配到 2-3 台机器上会简单得多。我的笔记本电脑上有 Win7+Office，PC 上有 Centos6（有足够的 RAM 和虚拟机），装有 Centos5 的旧电脑（带有 OpenVZ，上面有大量的 Linux 发行版），装有 gentoo 的旧笔记本电脑（最新的软件等......我是当操作系统直接在硬件上时要更加小心），还有两台旧电脑以防万一。
如果必须是一台计算机那么我认为 RHEL6 + OpenVZ 将是最好的解决方案。 OpenVZ 容器可以毫无问题地与其他类型的虚拟化同时运行。因此，如果您需要在虚拟机上使用 Windows，那么这样做是没有问题的。
It would be much simpler to divide work on 2-3 machines. I have Win7+Office on laptop, Centos6 on PC (plenty of RAM and VM's), older PC with Centos5 (with OpenVZ, plenty of linux distros on it), old laptop with gentoo (newest soft etc... and i'm more careful when OS is direct on hardware), and two more old PC's just in case.
If it have to be one computer then I think RHEL6 + OpenVZ would be the best solution. OpenVZ containers can run without problem with other types of virtualization at the same time. So if you will need Windows on VM, there is no problem for doing that.