运行时链接器忽略 Solaris 上可执行文件中的 RPATH
我正在尝试在没有 root 权限的 Solaris 服务器上编译 samtools 。 Samtools 依赖于 zlib。本机上的系统 zlib 编译时不支持大文件，因此针对此版本编译 samtools 具有预期效果：samtools 只处理小文件。我需要它能够处理大文件。幸运的是，/usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/ 中有一个由管理员编译的 zlib 版本，支持大文件。我可以通过将 -R /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib 添加到 CFLAGS 来对此进行编译，但这似乎不起作用。症状如下：
当我尝试运行 samtools 时，它崩溃并出现以下错误：
ld.so.1: samtools: fatal: relocation error: file samtools: symbol gzopen64: referenced symbol not found
如果我将 /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/ 添加到 LD_LIBRARY_PATH，则 samtools 可以正常工作。
使用 ldd 和 readelf 分析 samtools 会产生以下结果：
$ ldd -r samtools
libnsl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libnsl.so.1
libsocket.so.1 => /usr/lib/libsocket.so.1
libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib/libresolv.so.2
libm.so.2 => /usr/lib/libm.so.2
libcurses.so.1 => /usr/lib/libcurses.so.1
libz.so => /usr/lib/libz.so
libc.so.1 => /usr/lib/libc.so.1
libmp.so.2 => /usr/lib/libmp.so.2
libmd.so.1 => /usr/lib/libmd.so.1
libscf.so.1 => /usr/lib/libscf.so.1
libdoor.so.1 => /usr/lib/libdoor.so.1
libuutil.so.1 => /usr/lib/libuutil.so.1
libgen.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgen.so.1
symbol not found: gzopen64 (samtools)
$ ldd -s samtools
...(snip)...
find object=libz.so; required by samtools
search path=/usr/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/dt/lib:/usr/local/lib (LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
trying path=/usr/lib/libz.so
libz.so => /usr/lib/libz.so
...(snip)...
$ readelf -d samtools | grep RPATH
0x0000000f (RPATH) Library rpath: [/usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib:/usr/local/apps/gcc-4.5.1/lib]
因此 /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib 显然在二进制文件的 RPATH 中，据我了解应该在运行时搜索它共享库。但是，ldd -s 显示从未搜索过该目录。将此路径添加到 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 并重新运行 ldd 命令具有预期效果：搜索目录并找到正确版本的 libz。
那么如何强制 samtools 在运行时在 /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib 中搜索而不使用 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 呢？
编辑：文档此处似乎表明 -R 选项是正确的做法。但这不起作用。
I'm trying to compile samtools on a Solaris server where I do not have root. Samtools depends on zlib. The system zlib on this machine is not compiled with large file support, so compiling samtools against this version has the expected effect: samtools only handle small files. I need it to be able to handle large files. Luckily, there is a version of zlib compiled by the admin in /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/ with large file support. I can compile against this by adding -R /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib to CFLAGS, but this seems not to work. The symptoms are as follows:
When I try to run samtools, it crashes with this error:
ld.so.1: samtools: fatal: relocation error: file samtools: symbol gzopen64: referenced symbol not found
If I add /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/ to LD_LIBRARY_PATH, then samtools works fine.
Analyzing samtools with ldd and readelf yields the following:
$ ldd -r samtools
libnsl.so.1 => /usr/lib/libnsl.so.1
libsocket.so.1 => /usr/lib/libsocket.so.1
libresolv.so.2 => /usr/lib/libresolv.so.2
libm.so.2 => /usr/lib/libm.so.2
libcurses.so.1 => /usr/lib/libcurses.so.1
libz.so => /usr/lib/libz.so
libc.so.1 => /usr/lib/libc.so.1
libmp.so.2 => /usr/lib/libmp.so.2
libmd.so.1 => /usr/lib/libmd.so.1
libscf.so.1 => /usr/lib/libscf.so.1
libdoor.so.1 => /usr/lib/libdoor.so.1
libuutil.so.1 => /usr/lib/libuutil.so.1
libgen.so.1 => /usr/lib/libgen.so.1
symbol not found: gzopen64 (samtools)
$ ldd -s samtools
...(snip)...
find object=libz.so; required by samtools
search path=/usr/lib:/usr/openwin/lib:/usr/dt/lib:/usr/local/lib (LD_LIBRARY_PATH)
trying path=/usr/lib/libz.so
libz.so => /usr/lib/libz.so
...(snip)...
$ readelf -d samtools | grep RPATH
0x0000000f (RPATH) Library rpath: [/usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib:/usr/local/apps/gcc-4.5.1/lib]
So /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib is clearly in the binary's RPATH, which I understand is supposed to be searched at runtime for shared libraries. However, ldd -s shows that this directory is never searched. Adding this path to LD_LIBRARY_PATH and re-running the ldd commands has the expected effect: the directory is searched and the correct version of libz is found.
So how can I force samtools to search in /usr/local/apps/zlib-1.2.5/lib at runtime without using LD_LIBRARY_PATH?
Edit: The documentation here would seem to indicate that the -R option is the correct thing to do. But it doesn't work.
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我绝不是 Solaris 专家，但是这一行：
似乎向我表明 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 已经设置，并且其中的 /usr/lib 路径正在占用优先于任何运行时链接器路径。如果 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 实际上存在，您可以取消设置它并查看是否可以解决该问题吗？
I'm by no means a Solaris expert, but this line:
seems to indicate to me that
LD_LIBRARY_PATHis already set, and the/usr/libpath in it is taking precedence over any runtime linker paths. Can you unset LD_LIBRARY_PATH if it is in fact present and see if that resolves it?