expect 初步

Question

本地交互执行：

1. 修改shell
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [lindex $argv 0]
set SHELL [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 3
spawn chsh $USER
expect "*]:*" { send "$SHELL\r" }
expect eof
# ./chsh.sh user1 /bin/tcsh

2. 修改密码
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [lindex $argv 0]
set PASS "1q2w#E\$R"
set timeout 3
spawn passwd $USER
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect eof
# ./pass.sh user1

或把用户和密码都作为参数
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [lindex $argv 0]
set PASS [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 3
spawn passwd $USER
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect eof
# ./pass.sh ttt 1q2w#E$R
# ./pass.sh ttt "1q2w#E\$R"

总结：expect 必须要匹配最后一个输出字符。

远程交互ssh 登录：

1. 设置变量，执行多命令。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP "10.85.138.42"
set timeout 3
spawn ssh ${IP}
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "root\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "ls\r" }
expect "*#*" { send "touch /tanjiyong/newfile\r" }
expect eof
#./exp.sh

2. 增加参数。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set USER [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 3
spawn ssh $USER@${IP}
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "root\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "ls\r" }
expect "*#*" { send "touch /tanjiyong/newfile\r" }
expect eof
#./exp.sh 10.85.138.42 root

3. ssh 登录，执行时间超过timeout时间，设定timeout为-1(无限制)。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set USER [lindex $argv 1]
set IP2 [lindex $argv 2]
set timeout 3
spawn ssh $USER@${IP}
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "root\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "ls\r" }
expect "*#*" { send "ping $IP2\r" }
set timeout -1
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }
expect eof

4. ssh 登录，使用循环，在30台机器执行相同命令。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER root
set PASS root
for {set i 1} {$i<=30} {incr i} {
spawn ssh -l $USER 125.1.1.$i
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "$PASS\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "find / -name hao.txt\r" }
expect eof
}
#./exp.sh

Answer 1

本地远程交互执行：

1. spawn 执行scp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set timeout 3
spawn scp /etc/passwd root@10.85.138.42:/tanjiyong
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }
# ./scp.sh

使用-- send
#!/usr/bin/expect --
set PASS root
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn $env(SHELL)    #spawn /bin/bash
expect "*#*" { send "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd $USER@$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1  #复制的时间较长，设置为timeout无限制
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }

#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn $env(SHELL)
expect "*#*" { send -- "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd $USER@$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1  #复制的时间较长，设置为timeout无限制
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 3
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
spawn \$env(SHELL)
expect -exact "# "
send -- "scp $TAR_NAME ${USERNAME}@${DESTIP}{DESTDIR}\r"
expect {
        "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
        "assword: " { send "hw2009\r" }
        }
set timeout -1  #复制的时间较长，设置为timeout无限制
expect "# "
send "exit\r"
expect eof

2. expect 搜索块
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set timeout 3
spawn scp /etc/passwd root@10.85.138.42:/tanjiyong
expect {
        "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
        "assword: " { send "$PASS\r" }
        }
set timeout -1
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }
# ./scp.sh

3. 判断
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS [lindex $argv 0]
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn $env(SHELL)
expect "*#*" { send "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd $USER@$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect {
        "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
        "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
}
expect "*Password:*" { send_user "\nPasswd error!\n";exit 1 }
set timeout -1
expect "# " { send "exit 1\r" }
expect eof
# ./scp.sh

4. rsync 备份使用。
#!/usr/bin/expect --
spawn ssh backup@10.85.138.212
expect {
        "(yes/no)?" {
        send "yes\r"
        }
        "assword" {
        send "123456\r"
        }
}

send "rsync -avz rsync@10.85.138.212:/home/html /opt\r"
expect "total size"
expect {
        "rsync error" {
        exit 1
        }
}

expect "# "
send "exit\r"
interact  #expect eof

脚本中使用：
#!/bin/bash
echo "Start..."
cat << EOF > /expectfile
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn \$env(SHELL)  #必须加上\，不然会被置换为空。
expect "*#*" { send "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd \$USER@\$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "\$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1
expect "# " { send "exit 1\r" }
expect eof
EOF
expect -f /expectfile
echo "$?"
echo "finished backup.."

相关：
exit 1/exit  #停止执行，退出脚本
expect eof #脚本结束
expect -exact "# " #精确匹配
expect "# "
expect "*#*" #模糊匹配
exp_continue #在同一个expect块里，做多次匹配。
send #发送命令。
send_user #打印终端信息。用法与send一致。

附：修改SSH Client为非ask模式
vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
#   StrictHostKeyChecking ask
StrictHostKeyChecking no

Answer 2

参考：自动登录
#!/usr/bin/expect
if {$argc!=3} {   # 疑问：参数个数($#)
send_user "Usage: $argv0 {Array IP} {Password} {CMD}\n\n"
exit
}

set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set Password [lindex $argv 1]
set CMD [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh admin@$IP
expect {
        "assword:" {
                exec sleep 1
                send "${Password}\r"
                        }
        "*continue connecting*" {
                         exec sleep 1
                         send "yes\r"
                         expect  "*Password:" {
                                 exec sleep 1
                                  send "${Password}\r"
                                 }         
                        }
}

expect {
"*Password*" { send_user "\n1assword error!\n"
               exit
             }
"*already*" { send_user "\n2:Repeated login!\n"
              exit
            }
"OceanStor: admin>" { send "${CMD}\r"
                    }
}
expect         "*>"
send "exit\r"
expect "*closed*"
exit

脚本2
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ipaddress [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh -p 22 root@$ipaddress
expect {
                "want"        {send -- "yes\r"; exp_continue}
                "password:"   {send -- "$passwd"}
                "No route"    { exit }
                }
set timeout 5
send "\n"
expect "*justin*"
send "pwd\r"
expect "*OK*"
send "exit\r"
expect eof

Answer 3

这么好的帖子都没人收藏，我先板凳一个

Answer 4

好 。有深度

Answer 5

太深了，看不懂

Answer 6

LZ程序高手啊

Answer 7

Answer 8

工作中总结出来的

对不起各位，没有把帖子用格式格式化一下。

主要是分为各种场景使用expect语句。

Answer 9

这个问题遇到过没有：
expet 自动登录远端主机等待接收CTRL+C
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