Answer 1

function _new(fn, ...args){
let obj = {}
Object.setPrototypeOf(obj,fn.prototype)
let result = fn.apply(obj,args)
return result instanceof Object ? result : obj
}

Answer 2

function getUrlValue(url){
    if(!url) return;
    let res = url.match(/(?<=elective=)(d+(,d+)*)/);
    return res ?res[0].split(',') : [];
}