:nth-child - CSS（层叠样式表）编辑

概述

:nth-child(an+b) 这个 CSS 伪类首先找到所有当前元素的兄弟元素，然后按照位置先后顺序从1开始排序，选择的结果为CSS伪类:nth-child括号中表达式（an+b）匹配到的元素集合（n=0，1，2，3...）。示例：

0n+3 或简单的 3 匹配第三个元素。
1n+0 或简单的 n 匹配每个元素。（兼容性提醒：在 Android 浏览器 4.3 以下的版本 n 和 1n 的匹配方式不一致。1n 和 1n+0 是一致的，可根据喜好任选其一来使用。）
2n+0 或简单的 2n 匹配位置为 2、4、6、8...的元素（n=0时，2n+0=0，第0个元素不存在，因为是从1开始排序)。你可以使用关键字 even 来替换此表达式。
2n+1 匹配位置为 1、3、5、7...的元素。你可以使用关键字 odd 来替换此表达式。
3n+4 匹配位置为 4、7、10、13...的元素。

a 和 b 都必须为整数，并且元素的第一个子元素的下标为 1。换言之就是，该伪类匹配所有下标在集合 { an + b; n = 0, 1, 2, ...} 中的子元素。另外需要特别注意的是，an 必须写在 b 的前面，不能写成 b+an 的形式。

语法

:nth-child( <nth> [ of <complex-selector-list> ]? )where 
<nth> = <an-plus-b> | even | odd
<complex-selector-list> = <complex-selector>#
where 
<complex-selector> = <compound-selector> [ <combinator>? <compound-selector> ]*
where 
<compound-selector> = [ <type-selector>? <subclass-selector>* [ <pseudo-element-selector> <pseudo-class-selector>* ]* ]!
<combinator> = '>' | '+' | '~' | [ '||' ]
where 
<type-selector> = <wq-name> | <ns-prefix>? '*'
<subclass-selector> = <id-selector> | <class-selector> | <attribute-selector> | <pseudo-class-selector>
<pseudo-element-selector> = ':' <pseudo-class-selector>
<pseudo-class-selector> = ':' <ident-token> | ':' <function-token> <any-value> ')'
where 
<wq-name> = <ns-prefix>? <ident-token>
<ns-prefix> = [ <ident-token> | '*' ]?  | 
<id-selector> = <hash-token>
<class-selector> = '.' <ident-token>
<attribute-selector> = '[' <wq-name> ']' | '[' <wq-name> <attr-matcher> [ <string-token> | <ident-token> ] <attr-modifier>? ']'
where 
<attr-matcher> = [ '~' |  |  | '^' | '$' | '*' ]? '='
<attr-modifier> = i | s

示例

选择器示例

tr:nth-child(2n+1): 表示HTML表格中的奇数行。
tr:nth-child(odd): 表示HTML表格中的奇数行。
tr:nth-child(2n): 表示HTML表格中的偶数行。
tr:nth-child(even): 表示HTML表格中的偶数行。
span:nth-child(0n+1): 表示子元素中第一个且为span的元素，与 :first-child 选择器作用相同。
span:nth-child(1): 表示父元素中子元素为第一的并且名字为span的标签被选中
span:nth-child(-n+3): 匹配前三个子元素中的span元素。

Detailed example

HTML

<h3><code>span:nth-child(2n+1)</code>, WITHOUT an
   <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> among the child elements.</h3>
<p>Children 1, 3, 5, and 7 are selected.</p>
<div class="first">
  <span>Span 1!</span>
  <span>Span 2</span>
  <span>Span 3!</span>
  <span>Span 4</span>
  <span>Span 5!</span>
  <span>Span 6</span>
  <span>Span 7!</span>
</div>

<br>

<h3><code>span:nth-child(2n+1)</code>, WITH an
   <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> among the child elements.</h3>
<p>Children 1, 5, and 7 are selected.<br>
   3 is used in the counting because it is a child, but it isn't
   selected because it isn't a <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>.</p>
<div class="second">
  <span>Span!</span>
  <span>Span</span>
  <em>This is an `em`.</em>
  <span>Span</span>
  <span>Span!</span>
  <span>Span</span>
  <span>Span!</span>
  <span>Span</span>
</div>

<br>

<h3><code>span:nth-of-type(2n+1)</code>, WITH an
   <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> among the child elements.</h3>
<p>Children 1, 4, 6, and 8 are selected.<br>
   3 isn't used in the counting or selected because it is an <code>&lt;em&gt;</code>,
   not a <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>, and <code>nth-of-type</code> only selects
   children of that type. The <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> is completely skipped
   over and ignored.</p>
<div class="third">
  <span>Span!</span>
  <span>Span</span>
  <em>This is an `em`.</em>
  <span>Span!</span>
  <span>Span</span>
  <span>Span!</span>
  <span>Span</span>
  <span>Span!</span>
</div>

CSS

html {
  font-family: sans-serif;
}

span,
div em {
  padding: 5px;
  border: 1px solid green;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}

.first span:nth-child(2n+1),
.second span:nth-child(2n+1),
.third span:nth-of-type(2n+1) {
  background-color: lime;
}

最终效果：

规范

规范	状态	备注
Selectors Level 4 :nth-child	Working Draft	未变化。
Selectors Level 3 :nth-child	Recommendation	初始化定义。

We're converting our compatibility data into a machine-readable JSON format. This compatibility table still uses the old format, because we haven't yet converted the data it contains. Find out how you can help!