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background-image - CSS（层叠样式表）编辑

CSS background-image 属性用于为一个元素设置一个或者多个背景图像。

在绘制时，图像以 z 方向堆叠的方式进行。先指定的图像会在之后指定的图像上面绘制。因此指定的第一个图像“最接近用户”。

然后元素的边框 border 会在它们之上被绘制，而 background-color 会在它们之下绘制。图像的绘制与盒子以及盒子的边框的关系，需要在CSS属性background-clip 和 background-origin 中定义。

如果一个指定的图像无法被绘制 (比如，被指定的 URI 所表示的文件无法被加载)，浏览器会将此情况等同于其值被设为 none。

注意： 即使图像是不透明的，背景色在通常情况下并不会被显示，web开发者仍然应该指定 background-color 属性。如果图像无法被加载—例如，在网络连接断开的情况下—背景色就会被绘制。

语法

每个背景图像被明确规定为关键字 none 或是一个 <image> 值。

可以提供由逗号分隔的多个值来指定多个背景图像：

background-image:
  linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,0,0.5), rgba(0,0,255,0.5)),
  url('https://www.wenjiangs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/mozilla/catfront.png');

取值

none: 是一个表示无背景图的关键字。
<image>: <image> 用来标记将要显示的图片. 支持多背景设置，背景之间以逗号隔开.

正规语法

<bg-image>#where 
<bg-image> = none | <image>
where 
<image> = <url> | <image()> | <image-set()> | <element()> | <paint()> | <cross-fade()> | <gradient>
where 
<image()> = image( <image-tags>? [ <image-src>? , <color>? ]! )
<image-set()> = image-set( <image-set-option># )
<element()> = element( <id-selector> )
<paint()> = paint( <ident>, <declaration-value>? )
<cross-fade()> = cross-fade( <cf-mixing-image> , <cf-final-image>? )
<gradient> = <linear-gradient()> | <repeating-linear-gradient()> | <radial-gradient()> | <repeating-radial-gradient()> | <conic-gradient()>
where 
<image-tags> = ltr | rtl
<image-src> = <url> | <string>
<color> = <rgb()> | <rgba()> | <hsl()> | <hsla()> | <hex-color> | <named-color> | currentcolor | <deprecated-system-color>
<image-set-option> = [ <image> | <string> ] <resolution>
<id-selector> = <hash-token>
<cf-mixing-image> = <percentage>? && <image>
<cf-final-image> = <image> | <color>
<linear-gradient()> = linear-gradient( [ <angle> | to <side-or-corner> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<repeating-linear-gradient()> = repeating-linear-gradient( [ <angle> | to <side-or-corner> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<radial-gradient()> = radial-gradient( [ <ending-shape> || <size> ]? [ at <position> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<repeating-radial-gradient()> = repeating-radial-gradient( [ <ending-shape> || <size> ]? [ at <position> ]? , <color-stop-list> )
<conic-gradient()> = conic-gradient( [ from <angle> ]? [ at <position> ]?, <angular-color-stop-list> )
where 
<rgb()> = rgb( <percentage>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgb( <number>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgb( <percentage>#{3} , <alpha-value>? ) | rgb( <number>#{3} , <alpha-value>? )
<rgba()> = rgba( <percentage>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgba( <number>{3} [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | rgba( <percentage>#{3} , <alpha-value>? ) | rgba( <number>#{3} , <alpha-value>? )
<hsl()> = hsl( <hue> <percentage> <percentage> [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | hsl( <hue>, <percentage>, <percentage>, <alpha-value>? )
<hsla()> = hsla( <hue> <percentage> <percentage> [ / <alpha-value> ]? ) | hsla( <hue>, <percentage>, <percentage>, <alpha-value>? )
<side-or-corner> = [ left | right ] || [ top | bottom ]
<color-stop-list> = [ <linear-color-stop> [, <linear-color-hint>]? ]# , <linear-color-stop>
<ending-shape> = circle | ellipse
<size> = closest-side | farthest-side | closest-corner | farthest-corner | <length> | <length-percentage>{2}
<position> = [ [ left | center | right ] || [ top | center | bottom ] | [ left | center | right | <length-percentage> ] [ top | center | bottom | <length-percentage> ]? | [ [ left | right ] <length-percentage> ] && [ [ top | bottom ] <length-percentage> ] ]
<angular-color-stop-list> = [ <angular-color-stop> [, <angular-color-hint>]? ]# , <angular-color-stop>
where 
<alpha-value> = <number> | <percentage>
<hue> = <number> | <angle>
<linear-color-stop> = <color> <color-stop-length>?
<linear-color-hint> = <length-percentage>
<length-percentage> = <length> | <percentage>
<angular-color-stop> = <color> && <color-stop-angle>?
<angular-color-hint> = <angle-percentage>
where 
<color-stop-length> = <length-percentage>{1,2}
<color-stop-angle> = <angle-percentage>{1,2}
<angle-percentage> = <angle> | <percentage>

示例

注意星星图片部分透明且位于猫图片上方.

HTML

<div>
  <p class="catsandstars">
    This paragraph is full of cats<br />and stars.
  </p>
  <p>This paragraph is not.</p>
  <p class="catsandstars">
    Here are more cats for you.<br />Look at them!
  </p>
  <p>And no more.</p>
</div>

CSS

p {
  font-size: 1.5em;
  color: #FE7F88;
  background-image: none;
  background-color: transparent;
}

div {
  background-image:
      url("https://www.wenjiangs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/mozilla/mdn_logo_only_color.png");
}

.catsandstars {
  background-image:
      url("https://www.wenjiangs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/mozilla/startransparent.gif"),
      url("https://www.wenjiangs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/mozilla/catfront.png");
  background-color: transparent;
}

运行结果

可访问性相关

浏览器不会向辅助技术提供有关背景图像的任何特殊信息。这对于屏幕阅读器来说非常重要，因为屏幕阅读器不会告知用户它的存在，因而不能向用户传达任何信息。如果图像包含对理解页面总体目的至关重要的信息，则最好在文档中作出语义性地描述（describe it semantically）。

规范

Specification	Status	Comment
CSS Backgrounds and Borders Module Level 3 background-image	Candidate Recommendation	From CSS2 Revision 1, the property has been extended to support multiple backgrounds and any `<image>` CSS data type.
CSS Level 2 (Revision 2) background-image	Working Draft	From CSS1, the way images with and without intrinsic dimensions are handled is now described.
CSS Level 1 background-image	Recommendation	Initial definition.

初始值	`none`
适用元素	all elements. It also applies to `::first-letter` and `::first-line`.
是否是继承属性	否
计算值	as specified, but with `url` values made absolute
Animation type	discrete