Built-in Constants - Python 3.12.0a3 documentation 编辑

A small number of constants live in the built-in namespace. They are:

False

The false value of the bool type. Assignments to False are illegal and raise a SyntaxError.

True

The true value of the bool type. Assignments to True are illegal and raise a SyntaxError.

None

An object frequently used to represent the absence of a value, as when default arguments are not passed to a function. Assignments to None are illegal and raise a SyntaxError. None is the sole instance of the NoneType type.

NotImplemented

A special value which should be returned by the binary special methods (e.g. __eq__(), __lt__(), __add__(), __rsub__(), etc.) to indicate that the operation is not implemented with respect to the other type; may be returned by the in-place binary special methods (e.g. __imul__(), __iand__(), etc.) for the same purpose. It should not be evaluated in a boolean context. NotImplemented is the sole instance of the types.NotImplementedType type.

Note

When a binary (or in-place) method returns NotImplemented the interpreter will try the reflected operation on the other type (or some other fallback, depending on the operator). If all attempts return NotImplemented, the interpreter will raise an appropriate exception. Incorrectly returning NotImplemented will result in a misleading error message or the NotImplemented value being returned to Python code.

See Implementing the arithmetic operations for examples.

Note

NotImplementedError and NotImplemented are not interchangeable, even though they have similar names and purposes. See NotImplementedError for details on when to use it.

Changed in version 3.9: Evaluating NotImplemented in a boolean context is deprecated. While it currently evaluates as true, it will emit a DeprecationWarning. It will raise a TypeError in a future version of Python.

Ellipsis

The same as the ellipsis literal “...”. Special value used mostly in conjunction with extended slicing syntax for user-defined container data types. Ellipsis is the sole instance of the types.EllipsisType type.

__debug__

This constant is true if Python was not started with an -O option. See also the assert statement.

Note

The names None, False, True and __debug__ cannot be reassigned (assignments to them, even as an attribute name, raise SyntaxError), so they can be considered “true” constants.

Constants added by the site module

The site module (which is imported automatically during startup, except if the -S command-line option is given) adds several constants to the built-in namespace. They are useful for the interactive interpreter shell and should not be used in programs.

quit(code=None)

exit(code=None)

Objects that when printed, print a message like “Use quit() or Ctrl-D (i.e. EOF) to exit”, and when called, raise SystemExit with the specified exit code.

copyright

credits

Objects that when printed or called, print the text of copyright or credits, respectively.

license

Object that when printed, prints the message “Type license() to see the full license text”, and when called, displays the full license text in a pager-like fashion (one screen at a time).