http — HTTP modules - Python 3.11.1 documentation 编辑

http is a package that collects several modules for working with the HyperText Transfer Protocol:

http.client is a low-level HTTP protocol client; for high-level URL opening use urllib.request
http.server contains basic HTTP server classes based on socketserver
http.cookies has utilities for implementing state management with cookies
http.cookiejar provides persistence of cookies

The http module also defines the following enums that help you work with http related code:

class http.HTTPStatus

New in version 3.5.

A subclass of enum.IntEnum that defines a set of HTTP status codes, reason phrases and long descriptions written in English.

Usage:

>>> from http import HTTPStatus
>>> HTTPStatus.OK
HTTPStatus.OK
>>> HTTPStatus.OK == 200
True
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.value
200
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.phrase
'OK'
>>> HTTPStatus.OK.description
'Request fulfilled, document follows'
>>> list(HTTPStatus)
[HTTPStatus.CONTINUE, HTTPStatus.SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS, ...]

HTTP status codes

Supported, IANA-registered status codes available in http.HTTPStatus are:

Code	Enum Name	Details
`100`	`CONTINUE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.2.1
`101`	`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.2.2
`102`	`PROCESSING`	WebDAV RFC 2518, Section 10.1
`103`	`EARLY_HINTS`	An HTTP Status Code for Indicating Hints RFC 8297
`200`	`OK`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.1
`201`	`CREATED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.2
`202`	`ACCEPTED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.3
`203`	`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.4
`204`	`NO_CONTENT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.5
`205`	`RESET_CONTENT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.3.6
`206`	`PARTIAL_CONTENT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7233, Section 4.1
`207`	`MULTI_STATUS`	WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.1
`208`	`ALREADY_REPORTED`	WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.1 (Experimental)
`226`	`IM_USED`	Delta Encoding in HTTP RFC 3229, Section 10.4.1
`300`	`MULTIPLE_CHOICES`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.1
`301`	`MOVED_PERMANENTLY`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.2
`302`	`FOUND`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.3
`303`	`SEE_OTHER`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.4
`304`	`NOT_MODIFIED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.1
`305`	`USE_PROXY`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.5
`307`	`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.4.7
`308`	`PERMANENT_REDIRECT`	Permanent Redirect RFC 7238, Section 3 (Experimental)
`400`	`BAD_REQUEST`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.1
`401`	`UNAUTHORIZED`	HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.1
`402`	`PAYMENT_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.2
`403`	`FORBIDDEN`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.3
`404`	`NOT_FOUND`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.4
`405`	`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.5
`406`	`NOT_ACCEPTABLE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.6
`407`	`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 Authentication RFC 7235, Section 3.2
`408`	`REQUEST_TIMEOUT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.7
`409`	`CONFLICT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.8
`410`	`GONE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.9
`411`	`LENGTH_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.10
`412`	`PRECONDITION_FAILED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7232, Section 4.2
`413`	`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.11
`414`	`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.12
`415`	`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.13
`416`	`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE`	HTTP/1.1 Range Requests RFC 7233, Section 4.4
`417`	`EXPECTATION_FAILED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.14
`418`	`IM_A_TEAPOT`	HTCPCP/1.0 RFC 2324, Section 2.3.2
`421`	`MISDIRECTED_REQUEST`	HTTP/2 RFC 7540, Section 9.1.2
`422`	`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`	WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.2
`423`	`LOCKED`	WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.3
`424`	`FAILED_DEPENDENCY`	WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.4
`425`	`TOO_EARLY`	Using Early Data in HTTP RFC 8470
`426`	`UPGRADE_REQUIRED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.5.15
`428`	`PRECONDITION_REQUIRED`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
`429`	`TOO_MANY_REQUESTS`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
`431`	`REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585
`451`	`UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS`	An HTTP Status Code to Report Legal Obstacles RFC 7725
`500`	`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.1
`501`	`NOT_IMPLEMENTED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.2
`502`	`BAD_GATEWAY`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.3
`503`	`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.4
`504`	`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.5
`505`	`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 6.6.6
`506`	`VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES`	Transparent Content Negotiation in HTTP RFC 2295, Section 8.1 (Experimental)
`507`	`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`	WebDAV RFC 4918, Section 11.5
`508`	`LOOP_DETECTED`	WebDAV Binding Extensions RFC 5842, Section 7.2 (Experimental)
`510`	`NOT_EXTENDED`	An HTTP Extension Framework RFC 2774, Section 7 (Experimental)
`511`	`NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`	Additional HTTP Status Codes RFC 6585, Section 6

In order to preserve backwards compatibility, enum values are also present in the http.client module in the form of constants. The enum name is equal to the constant name (i.e. http.HTTPStatus.OK is also available as http.client.OK).

Changed in version 3.7: Added 421 MISDIRECTED_REQUEST status code.

New in version 3.8: Added 451 UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS status code.

New in version 3.9: Added 103 EARLY_HINTS, 418 IM_A_TEAPOT and 425 TOO_EARLY status codes.

class http.HTTPMethod

New in version 3.11.

A subclass of enum.StrEnum that defines a set of HTTP methods and descriptions written in English.

Usage:

>>> from http import HTTPMethod
>>>
>>> HTTPMethod.GET
<HTTPMethod.GET>
>>> HTTPMethod.GET == 'GET'
True
>>> HTTPMethod.GET.value
'GET'
>>> HTTPMethod.GET.description
'Retrieve the target.'
>>> list(HTTPMethod)
[<HTTPMethod.CONNECT>,
 <HTTPMethod.DELETE>,
 <HTTPMethod.GET>,
 <HTTPMethod.HEAD>,
 <HTTPMethod.OPTIONS>,
 <HTTPMethod.PATCH>,
 <HTTPMethod.POST>,
 <HTTPMethod.PUT>,
 <HTTPMethod.TRACE>]

HTTP methods

Supported, IANA-registered methods available in http.HTTPMethod are:

Method	Enum Name	Details
`GET`	`GET`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.1
`HEAD`	`HEAD`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.2
`POST`	`POST`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.3
`PUT`	`PUT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.4
`DELETE`	`DELETE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.5
`CONNECT`	`CONNECT`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.6
`OPTIONS`	`OPTIONS`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.7
`TRACE`	`TRACE`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 7231, Section 4.3.8
`PATCH`	`PATCH`	HTTP/1.1 RFC 5789