3. Configure Python - Python 3.10.9 documentation 编辑
3.1. Configure Options
List all ./configure
script options using:
./configure --help
See also the Misc/SpecialBuilds.txt
in the Python source distribution.
3.1.1. General Options
--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
Support loadable extensions in the
_sqlite
extension module (default is no).See the
sqlite3.Connection.enable_load_extension()
method of thesqlite3
module.New in version 3.6.
--disable-ipv6
Disable IPv6 support (enabled by default if supported), see the
socket
module.
--enable-big-digits
=[15|30]
Define the size in bits of Python
int
digits: 15 or 30 bits.By default, the number of bits is selected depending on
sizeof(void*)
: 30 bits ifvoid*
size is 64-bit or larger, 15 bits otherwise.Define the
PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT
to15
or30
.
--with-cxx-main
--with-cxx-main
=COMPILER
Compile the Python
main()
function and link Python executable with C++ compiler:$CXX
, or COMPILER if specified.
--with-suffix
=SUFFIX
Set the Python executable suffix to SUFFIX.
The default suffix is
.exe
on Windows and macOS (python.exe
executable), and an empty string on other platforms (python
executable).
--with-tzpath
=<list of absolute paths separated by pathsep>
Select the default time zone search path for
zoneinfo.TZPATH
. See the Compile-time configuration of thezoneinfo
module.Default:
/usr/share/zoneinfo:/usr/lib/zoneinfo:/usr/share/lib/zoneinfo:/etc/zoneinfo
.See
os.pathsep
path separator.New in version 3.9.
--without-decimal-contextvar
Build the
_decimal
extension module using a thread-local context rather than a coroutine-local context (default), see thedecimal
module.See
decimal.HAVE_CONTEXTVAR
and thecontextvars
module.New in version 3.9.
--with-dbmliborder
=db1:db2:...
Override order to check db backends for the
dbm
moduleA valid value is a colon (
:
) separated string with the backend names:ndbm
;gdbm
;bdb
.
--without-c-locale-coercion
Disable C locale coercion to a UTF-8 based locale (enabled by default).
Don’t define the
PY_COERCE_C_LOCALE
macro.See
PYTHONCOERCECLOCALE
and the PEP 538.
--with-platlibdir
=DIRNAME
Python library directory name (default is
lib
).Fedora and SuSE use
lib64
on 64-bit platforms.See
sys.platlibdir
.New in version 3.9.
--with-wheel-pkg-dir
=PATH
Directory of wheel packages used by the
ensurepip
module (none by default).Some Linux distribution packaging policies recommend against bundling dependencies. For example, Fedora installs wheel packages in the
/usr/share/python-wheels/
directory and don’t install theensurepip._bundled
package.New in version 3.10.
3.1.2. Install Options
--disable-test-modules
Don’t build nor install test modules, like the
test
package or the_testcapi
extension module (built and installed by default).New in version 3.10.
--with-ensurepip
=[upgrade|install|no]
Select the
ensurepip
command run on Python installation:upgrade
(default): runpython -m ensurepip --altinstall --upgrade
command.install
: runpython -m ensurepip --altinstall
command;no
: don’t run ensurepip;
New in version 3.6.
3.1.3. Performance options
Configuring Python using --enable-optimizations --with-lto
(PGO + LTO) is recommended for best performance.
--enable-optimizations
Enable Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) using
PROFILE_TASK
(disabled by default).The C compiler Clang requires
llvm-profdata
program for PGO. On macOS, GCC also requires it: GCC is just an alias to Clang on macOS.Disable also semantic interposition in libpython if
--enable-shared
and GCC is used: add-fno-semantic-interposition
to the compiler and linker flags.New in version 3.6.
Changed in version 3.10: Use
-fno-semantic-interposition
on GCC.
PROFILE_TASK
Environment variable used in the Makefile: Python command line arguments for the PGO generation task.
Default:
-m test --pgo --timeout=$(TESTTIMEOUT)
.New in version 3.8.
--with-lto
Enable Link Time Optimization (LTO) in any build (disabled by default).
The C compiler Clang requires
llvm-ar
for LTO (ar
on macOS), as well as an LTO-aware linker (ld.gold
orlld
).New in version 3.6.
--with-computed-gotos
Enable computed gotos in evaluation loop (enabled by default on supported compilers).
--without-pymalloc
Disable the specialized Python memory allocator pymalloc (enabled by default).
See also
PYTHONMALLOC
environment variable.
--without-doc-strings
Disable static documentation strings to reduce the memory footprint (enabled by default). Documentation strings defined in Python are not affected.
Don’t define the
WITH_DOC_STRINGS
macro.See the
PyDoc_STRVAR()
macro.
--enable-profiling
Enable C-level code profiling with
gprof
(disabled by default).
3.1.4. Python Debug Build
A debug build is Python built with the --with-pydebug
configure option.
Effects of a debug build:
Display all warnings by default: the list of default warning filters is empty in the
warnings
module.Add
d
tosys.abiflags
.Add
sys.gettotalrefcount()
function.Add
-X showrefcount
command line option.Add
PYTHONTHREADDEBUG
environment variable.Add support for the
__ltrace__
variable: enable low-level tracing in the bytecode evaluation loop if the variable is defined.Install debug hooks on memory allocators to detect buffer overflow and other memory errors.
Define
Py_DEBUG
andPy_REF_DEBUG
macros.Add runtime checks: code surroundeded by
#ifdef Py_DEBUG
and#endif
. Enableassert(...)
and_PyObject_ASSERT(...)
assertions: don’t set theNDEBUG
macro (see also the--with-assertions
configure option). Main runtime checks:Add sanity checks on the function arguments.
Unicode and int objects are created with their memory filled with a pattern to detect usage of uninitialized objects.
Ensure that functions which can clear or replace the current exception are not called with an exception raised.
The garbage collector (
gc.collect()
function) runs some basic checks on objects consistency.The
Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST()
macro checks for integer underflow and overflow when downcasting from wide types to narrow types.
See also the Python Development Mode and the --with-trace-refs
configure option.
Changed in version 3.8: Release builds and debug builds are now ABI compatible: defining the Py_DEBUG
macro no longer implies the Py_TRACE_REFS
macro (see the --with-trace-refs
option), which introduces the only ABI incompatibility.
3.1.5. Debug options
--with-pydebug
Build Python in debug mode: define the
Py_DEBUG
macro (disabled by default).
--with-trace-refs
Enable tracing references for debugging purpose (disabled by default).
Effects:
Define the
Py_TRACE_REFS
macro.Add
sys.getobjects()
function.Add
PYTHONDUMPREFS
environment variable.
This build is not ABI compatible with release build (default build) or debug build (
Py_DEBUG
andPy_REF_DEBUG
macros).New in version 3.8.
--with-assertions
Build with C assertions enabled (default is no):
assert(...);
and_PyObject_ASSERT(...);
.If set, the
NDEBUG
macro is not defined in theOPT
compiler variable.See also the
--with-pydebug
option (debug build) which also enables assertions.New in version 3.6.
--with-valgrind
Enable Valgrind support (default is no).
--with-dtrace
Enable DTrace support (default is no).
See Instrumenting CPython with DTrace and SystemTap.
New in version 3.6.
--with-address-sanitizer
Enable AddressSanitizer memory error detector,
asan
(default is no).New in version 3.6.
--with-memory-sanitizer
Enable MemorySanitizer allocation error detector,
msan
(default is no).New in version 3.6.
--with-undefined-behavior-sanitizer
Enable UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer undefined behaviour detector,
ubsan
(default is no).New in version 3.6.
3.1.6. Linker options
--enable-shared
Enable building a shared Python library:
libpython
(default is no).
--without-static-libpython
Do not build
libpythonMAJOR.MINOR.a
and do not installpython.o
(built and enabled by default).New in version 3.10.
3.1.7. Libraries options
--with-libs
='lib1 ...'
Link against additional libraries (default is no).
--with-system-expat
Build the
pyexpat
module using an installedexpat
library (default is no).
--with-system-ffi
Build the
_ctypes
extension module using an installedffi
library, see thectypes
module (default is system-dependent).
--with-system-libmpdec
Build the
_decimal
extension module using an installedmpdec
library, see thedecimal
module (default is no).New in version 3.3.
--with-readline
=editline
Use
editline
library for backend of thereadline
module.Define the
WITH_EDITLINE
macro.New in version 3.10.
--without-readline
Don’t build the
readline
module (built by default).Don’t define the
HAVE_LIBREADLINE
macro.New in version 3.10.
--with-tcltk-includes
='-I...'
Override search for Tcl and Tk include files.
--with-tcltk-libs
='-L...'
Override search for Tcl and Tk libraries.
--with-libm
=STRING
Override
libm
math library to STRING (default is system-dependent).
--with-libc
=STRING
Override
libc
C library to STRING (default is system-dependent).
--with-openssl
=DIR
Root of the OpenSSL directory.
New in version 3.7.
--with-openssl-rpath
=[no|auto|DIR]
Set runtime library directory (rpath) for OpenSSL libraries:
no
(default): don’t set rpath;auto
: auto-detect rpath from--with-openssl
andpkg-config
;DIR: set an explicit rpath.
New in version 3.10.
3.1.8. Security Options
--with-hash-algorithm
=[fnv|siphash24]
Select hash algorithm for use in
Python/pyhash.c
:siphash24
(default).fnv
;
New in version 3.4.
--with-builtin-hashlib-hashes
=md5,sha1,sha256,sha512,sha3,blake2
Built-in hash modules:
md5
;sha1
;sha256
;sha512
;sha3
(with shake);blake2
.
New in version 3.9.
--with-ssl-default-suites
=[python|openssl|STRING]
Override the OpenSSL default cipher suites string:
python
(default): use Python’s preferred selection;openssl
: leave OpenSSL’s defaults untouched;STRING: use a custom string
See the
ssl
module.New in version 3.7.
Changed in version 3.10: The settings
python
and STRING also set TLS 1.2 as minimum protocol version.
3.1.9. macOS Options
See Mac/README.rst
.
--enable-universalsdk
--enable-universalsdk
=SDKDIR
Create a universal binary build. SDKDIR specifies which macOS SDK should be used to perform the build (default is no).
--enable-framework
--enable-framework
=INSTALLDIR
Create a Python.framework rather than a traditional Unix install. Optional INSTALLDIR specifies the installation path (default is no).
--with-universal-archs
=ARCH
Specify the kind of universal binary that should be created. This option is only valid when
--enable-universalsdk
is set.Options:
universal2
;32-bit
;64-bit
;3-way
;intel
;intel-32
;intel-64
;all
.
--with-framework-name
=FRAMEWORK
Specify the name for the python framework on macOS only valid when
--enable-framework
is set (default:Python
).
3.2. Python Build System
3.2.1. Main files of the build system
configure.ac
=>configure
;Makefile.pre.in
=>Makefile
(created byconfigure
);pyconfig.h
(created byconfigure
);Modules/Setup
: C extensions built by the Makefile usingModule/makesetup
shell script;setup.py
: C extensions built using thedistutils
module.
3.2.2. Main build steps
C files (
.c
) are built as object files (.o
).A static
libpython
library (.a
) is created from objects files.python.o
and the staticlibpython
library are linked into the finalpython
program.C extensions are built by the Makefile (see
Modules/Setup
) andpython setup.py build
.
3.2.3. Main Makefile targets
make
: Build Python with the standard library.make platform:
: build thepython
program, but don’t build the standard library extension modules.make profile-opt
: build Python using Profile Guided Optimization (PGO). You can use the configure--enable-optimizations
option to make this the default target of themake
command (make all
or justmake
).make buildbottest
: Build Python and run the Python test suite, the same way than buildbots test Python. SetTESTTIMEOUT
variable (in seconds) to change the test timeout (1200 by default: 20 minutes).make install
: Build and install Python.make regen-all
: Regenerate (almost) all generated files;make regen-stdlib-module-names
andautoconf
must be run separately for the remaining generated files.make clean
: Remove built files.make distclean
: Same thanmake clean
, but remove also files created by the configure script.
3.2.4. C extensions
Some C extensions are built as built-in modules, like the sys
module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
macro defined. Built-in modules have no __file__
attribute:
>>> import sys >>> sys <module 'sys' (built-in)> >>> sys.__file__ Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> AttributeError: module 'sys' has no attribute '__file__'
Other C extensins are built as dynamic libraries, like the _asyncio
module. They are built with the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
macro defined. Example on Linux x86-64:
>>> import _asyncio >>> _asyncio <module '_asyncio' from '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'> >>> _asyncio.__file__ '/usr/lib64/python3.9/lib-dynload/_asyncio.cpython-39-x86_64-linux-gnu.so'
Modules/Setup
is used to generate Makefile targets to build C extensions. At the beginning of the files, C extensions are built as built-in modules. Extensions defined after the *shared*
marker are built as dynamic libraries.
The setup.py
script only builds C extensions as shared libraries using the distutils
module.
The PyAPI_FUNC()
, PyAPI_API()
and PyMODINIT_FUNC()
macros of Include/pyport.h
are defined differently depending if the Py_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
macro is defined:
Use
Py_EXPORTED_SYMBOL
if thePy_BUILD_CORE_MODULE
is definedUse
Py_IMPORTED_SYMBOL
otherwise.
If the Py_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
macro is used by mistake on a C extension built as a shared library, its PyInit_xxx()
function is not exported, causing an ImportError
on import.
3.3. Compiler and linker flags
Options set by the ./configure
script and environment variables and used by Makefile
.
3.3.1. Preprocessor flags
CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS
Value of
CPPFLAGS
variable passed to the./configure
script.New in version 3.6.
CPPFLAGS
(Objective) C/C++ preprocessor flags, e.g.
-I<include dir>
if you have headers in a nonstandard directory<include dir>
.Both
CPPFLAGS
andLDFLAGS
need to contain the shell’s value for setup.py to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.
BASECPPFLAGS
New in version 3.4.
PY_CPPFLAGS
Extra preprocessor flags added for building the interpreter object files.
Default:
$(BASECPPFLAGS) -I. -I$(srcdir)/Include $(CONFIGURE_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
.New in version 3.2.
3.3.2. Compiler flags
CC
C compiler command.
Example:
gcc -pthread
.
MAINCC
C compiler command used to build the
main()
function of programs likepython
.Variable set by the
--with-cxx-main
option of the configure script.Default:
$(CC)
.
CXX
C++ compiler command.
Used if the
--with-cxx-main
option is used.Example:
g++ -pthread
.
CFLAGS
C compiler flags.
CFLAGS_NODIST
CFLAGS_NODIST
is used for building the interpreter and stdlib C extensions. Use it when a compiler flag should not be part of the distutilsCFLAGS
once Python is installed (bpo-21121).In particular,
CFLAGS
should not contain:the compiler flag
-I
(for setting the search path for include files). The-I
flags are processed from left to right, and any flags inCFLAGS
would take precedence over user- and package-supplied-I
flags.hardening flags such as
-Werror
because distributions cannot control whether packages installed by users conform to such heightened standards.
New in version 3.5.
EXTRA_CFLAGS
Extra C compiler flags.
CONFIGURE_CFLAGS
Value of
CFLAGS
variable passed to the./configure
script.New in version 3.2.
CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST
Value of
CFLAGS_NODIST
variable passed to the./configure
script.New in version 3.5.
BASECFLAGS
Base compiler flags.
OPT
Optimization flags.
CFLAGS_ALIASING
Strict or non-strict aliasing flags used to compile
Python/dtoa.c
.New in version 3.7.
CCSHARED
Compiler flags used to build a shared library.
For example,
-fPIC
is used on Linux and on BSD.
CFLAGSFORSHARED
Extra C flags added for building the interpreter object files.
Default:
$(CCSHARED)
when--enable-shared
is used, or an empty string otherwise.
PY_CFLAGS
Default:
$(BASECFLAGS) $(OPT) $(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(EXTRA_CFLAGS)
.
PY_CFLAGS_NODIST
Default:
$(CONFIGURE_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(CFLAGS_NODIST) -I$(srcdir)/Include/internal
.New in version 3.5.
PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS
C flags used for building the interpreter object files.
Default:
$(PY_CFLAGS) $(PY_CFLAGS_NODIST) $(PY_CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGSFORSHARED)
.New in version 3.7.
PY_CORE_CFLAGS
Default:
$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE
.New in version 3.2.
PY_BUILTIN_MODULE_CFLAGS
Compiler flags to build a standard library extension module as a built-in module, like the
posix
module.Default:
$(PY_STDMODULE_CFLAGS) -DPy_BUILD_CORE_BUILTIN
.New in version 3.8.
PURIFY
Purify command. Purify is a memory debugger program.
Default: empty string (not used).
3.3.3. Linker flags
LINKCC
Linker command used to build programs like
python
and_testembed
.Default:
$(PURIFY) $(MAINCC)
.
CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS
Value of
LDFLAGS
variable passed to the./configure
script.Avoid assigning
CFLAGS
,LDFLAGS
, etc. so users can use them on the command line to append to these values without stomping the pre-set values.New in version 3.2.
LDFLAGS_NODIST
LDFLAGS_NODIST
is used in the same manner asCFLAGS_NODIST
. Use it when a linker flag should not be part of the distutilsLDFLAGS
once Python is installed (bpo-35257).In particular,
LDFLAGS
should not contain:the compiler flag
-L
(for setting the search path for libraries). The-L
flags are processed from left to right, and any flags inLDFLAGS
would take precedence over user- and package-supplied-L
flags.
CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST
Value of
LDFLAGS_NODIST
variable passed to the./configure
script.New in version 3.8.
LDFLAGS
Linker flags, e.g.
-L<lib dir>
if you have libraries in a nonstandard directory<lib dir>
.Both
CPPFLAGS
andLDFLAGS
need to contain the shell’s value for setup.py to be able to build extension modules using the directories specified in the environment variables.
LIBS
Linker flags to pass libraries to the linker when linking the Python executable.
Example:
-lrt
.
LDSHARED
Command to build a shared library.
Default:
@LDSHARED@ $(PY_LDFLAGS)
.
BLDSHARED
Command to build
libpython
shared library.Default:
@BLDSHARED@ $(PY_CORE_LDFLAGS)
.
PY_LDFLAGS
Default:
$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
.
PY_LDFLAGS_NODIST
Default:
$(CONFIGURE_LDFLAGS_NODIST) $(LDFLAGS_NODIST)
.New in version 3.8.
PY_CORE_LDFLAGS
Linker flags used for building the interpreter object files.
New in version 3.8.
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