super - JavaScript 编辑

The super keyword is used to access and call functions on an object's parent.

The super.prop and super[expr] expressions are valid in any method definition in both classes and object literals.

Syntax

super([arguments]); // calls the parent constructor.
super.functionOnParent([arguments]);

Description

When used in a constructor, the super keyword appears alone and must be used before the this keyword is used. The super keyword can also be used to call functions on a parent object.

Examples

Using super in classes

This code snippet is taken from the classes sample (live demo). Here super() is called to avoid duplicating the constructor parts' that are common between Rectangle and Square.

class Rectangle {
  constructor(height, width) {
    this.name = 'Rectangle';
    this.height = height;
    this.width = width;
  }
  sayName() {
    console.log('Hi, I am a ', this.name + '.');
  }
  get area() {
    return this.height * this.width;
  }
  set area(value) {
    this._area = value;
  }
}

class Square extends Rectangle {
  constructor(length) {
    this.height; // ReferenceError, super needs to be called first!

    // Here, it calls the parent class's constructor with lengths
    // provided for the Rectangle's width and height
    super(length, length);

    // Note: In derived classes, super() must be called before you
    // can use 'this'. Leaving this out will cause a reference error.
    this.name = 'Square';
  }
}

Super-calling static methods

You are also able to call super on static methods.

class Rectangle {
  static logNbSides() {
    return 'I have 4 sides';
  }
}

class Square extends Rectangle {
  static logDescription() {
    return super.logNbSides() + ' which are all equal';
  }
}
Square.logDescription(); // 'I have 4 sides which are all equal'

Deleting super properties will throw an error

You cannot use the delete operator and super.prop or super[expr] to delete a parent class' property, it will throw a ReferenceError.

class Base {
  foo() {}
}
class Derived extends Base {
  delete() {
    delete super.foo; // this is bad
  }
}

new Derived().delete(); // ReferenceError: invalid delete involving 'super'. 

super.prop cannot overwrite non-writable properties

When defining non-writable properties with e.g. Object.defineProperty, super cannot overwrite the value of the property.

class X {
  constructor() {
    Object.defineProperty(this, 'prop', {
      configurable: true,
      writable: false,
      value: 1
    });
  }
}

class Y extends X {
  constructor() {
    super();
  }
  foo() {
    super.prop = 2;   // Cannot overwrite the value.
  }
}

var y = new Y();
y.foo(); // TypeError: "prop" is read-only
console.log(y.prop); // 1

Using super.prop in object literals

Super can also be used in the object initializer / literal notation. In this example, two objects define a method. In the second object, super calls the first object's method. This works with the help of Object.setPrototypeOf() with which we are able to set the prototype of obj2 to obj1, so that super is able to find method1 on obj1.

var obj1 = {
  method1() {
    console.log('method 1');
  }
}

var obj2 = {
  method2() {
    super.method1();
  }
}

Object.setPrototypeOf(obj2, obj1);
obj2.method2(); // logs "method 1"

Specifications

Specification
ECMAScript (ECMA-262)
The definition of 'super' in that specification.

Browser compatibility

BCD tables only load in the browser

See also

如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。

扫码二维码加入Web技术交流群

发布评论

需要 登录 才能够评论, 你可以免费 注册 一个本站的账号。
列表为空,暂无数据

词条统计

浏览:35 次

字数:6808

最后编辑:6 年前

编辑次数:0 次

    我们使用 Cookies 和其他技术来定制您的体验包括您的登录状态等。通过阅读我们的 隐私政策 了解更多相关信息。 单击 接受 或继续使用网站,即表示您同意使用 Cookies 和您的相关数据。
    原文