HTMLSelectElement - Web APIs 编辑

The HTMLSelectElement interface represents a <select> HTML Element. These elements also share all of the properties and methods of other HTML elements via the HTMLElement interface.

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Properties

This interface inherits the properties of HTMLElement, and of Element and Node.

HTMLSelectElement.autofocus

A Boolean reflecting the autofocus HTML attribute, which indicates whether the control should have input focus when the page loads, unless the user overrides it, for example by typing in a different control. Only one form-associated element in a document can have this attribute specified.

HTMLSelectElement.disabled

A Boolean reflecting the disabled HTML attribute, which indicates whether the control is disabled. If it is disabled, it does not accept clicks.

HTMLSelectElement.formRead only

An HTMLFormElement referencing the form that this element is associated with. If the element is not associated with of a <form> element, then it returns null.

HTMLSelectElement.labelsRead only

A NodeList of <label> elements associated with the element.

HTMLSelectElement.length

An unsigned long The number of <option> elements in this select element.

HTMLSelectElement.multiple

A Boolean reflecting the multiple HTML attribute, which indicates whether multiple items can be selected.

HTMLSelectElement.name

A DOMString reflecting the name HTML attribute, containing the name of this control used by servers and DOM search functions.

HTMLSelectElement.optionsRead only

An HTMLOptionsCollection representing the set of <option> (HTMLOptionElement) elements contained by this element.

HTMLSelectElement.required

A Boolean reflecting the required HTML attribute, which indicates whether the user is required to select a value before submitting the form.

HTMLSelectElement.selectedIndex

A long reflecting the index of the first selected <option> element. The value -1 indicates no element is selected.

HTMLSelectElement.selectedOptionsRead only

An HTMLCollection representing the set of <option> elements that are selected.

HTMLSelectElement.size

A long reflecting the size HTML attribute, which contains the number of visible items in the control. The default is 1, unless multiple is true, in which case it is 4.

HTMLSelectElement.typeRead only

A DOMString represeting the form control's type. When multiple is true, it returns "select-multiple"; otherwise, it returns "select-one".

HTMLSelectElement.validationMessageRead only

A DOMString representing a localized message that describes the validation constraints that the control does not satisfy (if any). This attribute is the empty string if the control is not a candidate for constraint validation (willValidate is false), or it satisfies its constraints.

HTMLSelectElement.validityRead only

A ValidityState reflecting the validity state that this control is in.

HTMLSelectElement.value

A DOMString reflecting the value of the form control. Returns the value property of the first selected option element if there is one, otherwise the empty string.

HTMLSelectElement.willValidateRead only

A Boolean that indicates whether the button is a candidate for constraint validation. It is false if any conditions bar it from constraint validation.

Methods

This interface inherits the methods of HTMLElement, and of Element and Node.

HTMLSelectElement.add()

Adds an element to the collection of option elements for this select element.

HTMLSelectElement.blur()

Removes input focus from this element. This method is now implemented on HTMLElement.

HTMLSelectElement.checkValidity()

Checks whether the element has any constraints and whether it satisfies them. If the element fails its constraints, the browser fires a cancelable invalid event at the element (and returns false).

HTMLSelectElement.focus()

Gives input focus to this element. This method is now implemented on HTMLElement.

HTMLSelectElement.item()

Gets an item from the options collection for this <select> element. You can also access an item by specifying the index in array-style brackets or parentheses, without calling this method explicitly.

HTMLSelectElement.namedItem()

Gets the item in the options collection with the specified name. The name string can match either the id or the name attribute of an option node. You can also access an item by specifying the name in array-style brackets or parentheses, without calling this method explicitly.

HTMLSelectElement.remove()

Removes the element at the specified index from the options collection for this select element.

HTMLSelectElement.reportValidity()

This method reports the problems with the constraints on the element, if any, to the user. If there are problems, it fires a cancelable invalid event at the element, and returns false; if there are no problems, it returns true.

HTMLSelectElement.setCustomValidity()

Sets the custom validity message for the selection element to the specified message. Use the empty string to indicate that the element does not have a custom validity error.

Events

Listen to these events using addEventListener() or by assigning an event listener to the oneventname property of this interface:

input event

Fires when the value of an <input>, <select>, or <textarea> element has been changed.

Example

Get information about the selected option

/* assuming we have the following HTML
<select id='s'>
    <option>First</option>
    <option selected>Second</option>
    <option>Third</option>
</select>
*/

var select = document.getElementById('s');

// return the index of the selected option
console.log(select.selectedIndex); // 1

// return the value of the selected option
console.log(select.options[select.selectedIndex].value) // Second

A better way to track changes to the user's selection is to watch for the change event to occur on the <select>. This will tell you when the value changes, and you can then update anything you need to. See the example provided in the documentation for the change event for details.

Specifications

Browser compatibility

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The compatibility table in this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data and send us a pull request.

See also

• The <select> HTML element, which implements this interface.