Introduction to the JavaScript shell 编辑

The JavaScript shell (js) is a command-line program included in the SpiderMonkey source distribution. It is the JavaScript equivalent of Python's interactive prompt, the Lisp read-eval-print loop, or Ruby's irb. This article explains how to use the shell to experiment with JavaScript code and run JavaScript programs.

To get the SpiderMonkey JavaScript shell, see the SpiderMonkey Build Documentation or download a compiled binary for your platform from the Nightly Builds.

For a list of other JavaScript shells, see JavaScript shells.

Note: Starting with SpiderMonkey 44 (Firefox 44 / Thunderbird 44 / SeaMonkey 2.41), the standard, Web-compatible JavaScript version is used by default (and not JS1.7+ anymore). The version() shell builtin is still there for testing legacy features.

Running the JavaScript shell

The shell offers two modes of operation. You can use it as an interactive shell, in which you type JavaScript code at a prompt and get instant gratification, which is handy for experimenting or testing new features. You can also pass in, on the command line, a JavaScript program file to run, in which case the program is run automatically.

After following the build documentation and installing the built shell using make install, you can run the shell in interactive mode using the command:

js

[ If you get " symbol lookup error: ./js: undefined symbol: PR_SetCurrentThreadName" e.g. from a Bash console when using a pre-compiled binary, try   <path to your Firefox's run-mozilla.sh>/run-mozilla.sh ./js   -- that worked for me]

If you'd like to run the JavaScript code in the file foo.js, you can use this command:

js foo.js

To run foo.js then drop into the interactive shell, do this:

js -f foo.js -i

Reference

Note: Because the JavaScript shell is used as a test environment for the JavaScript engine, the available options and built-in functions can change over time.

Command line options

There are a number of command line options you can specify to control the shell. These are summarized below. Be sure to use -h with your own jsshell to see if there is anything undocumented.

-c, --compileonly

Tells the shell to compile the program but not run it. This is a convenient way to quickly check for syntax errors in your program without actually running it.

-e script

Runs the specified script, which is a literal string containing the code to execute.

-f filename

Runs the JavaScript program specified by filename.

-i

Enables interactive mode. (Default if no filename is provided.)

--no-ion

Disables the optimizing JIT compiler.

--no-baseline

Disables the baseline JIT compiler.

-P

If the first line of the file is "/usr/bin/env js -P", then the file content will be interpreted by the JavaScript engine.

This enables you to make a JavaScript file executable on unix and OS X machines.

-s

Enables strict warning mode.

-w, --warnings

Enables warning messages.

-W, --nowarnings

Disables warning messages.

Environment options

There are some environment variables that can be set to alter js shell behavior.

JS_STDOUT=file

Redirect stdout to file.

JS_STDERR=file

Redirect stderr to file.

Built-in functions

To make the JavaScript shell more useful, there are a number of built-in functions provided that you can use either from JavaScript programs or in interactive mode.

Note: This list is incomplete and overlaps with Shell global objects. See js/src/shell/js.cpp (around shell_functions) for more.

build()

Returns the date and time at which the JavaScript shell was built.

Note: clear() with no parameters really clears everything. This includes all these built-in functions.

clone(function, [scope])

Clones the specified function object. If scope isn't specified, the new object's parent is the same as the original object's. Otherwise, the new object is placed in the scope of the object specified by scope.

countHeap([start[, kind]])

Added in SpiderMonkey 1.8 Count the number of live GC things in the heap, or things reachable from start when it is given and is not null. kind is either 'all' (default) to count all things or one of 'object', 'double', 'string', 'function', 'qname', 'namespace', 'xml' to count only things of that kind.

dumpHeap([fileName[, start[, toFind[, maxDepth[, toIgnore]]]]])

Added in SpiderMonkey 1.8 Dump the graph of all existing objects (or a specific interesting subgraph) to a file. For more information, see the C/C++ version of this function, JS_DumpHeap.

evalcx(string[, object])

Evaluates the JavaScript code in string. If object is specified, the code is executed in that object, treating it as a sandbox.

If string is empty and object is not specified, evalcx() returns a new object with eager standard classes.

If string is "lazy" and object is not specified, evalcx() returns a new object with lazy standard classes.

Note: evalcx() is only useful for people doing deep internal work on the JavaScript engine, for testing evalInSandbox-like environments in the shell.

gc()

Runs the garbage collector to free up memory.

gcparam(name[, value])

Added in SpiderMonkey 1.8 Read or configure garbage collector parameters.

The name must be one of the parameter keys (such as 'maxBytes', 'maxMallocBytes' or 'gcNumber') defined by FOR_EACH_GC_PARAM in https://searchfox.org/mozilla-central/source/js/src/builtin/TestingFunctions.cpp.

If value is not specified, gcparam() returns the current value associated with GC parameter named name.

If value is specified, it must be convertable to a positive uint32; gcparam() sets GC parameter name to value.

For more information, see the C/C++ functions  JS_GetGCParameter and JS_SetGCParameter.

gczeal(level)

Added in SpiderMonkey 1.8 DEBUG only. Set the level of GC zeal, a debugging feature. This can be 0 for normal periodic garbage collection, 1 for very frequent GC, or 2 for extremely frequent GC. Anything other than 0 will make JavaScript run extremely slow but may help reveal or reproduce GC-related bugs. For more information, see the C/C++ version of this function, JS_SetGCZeal.

getpda(object)

Returns the property descriptors for the specified object.

getslx(object)

Returns the script line extent, which is the number of lines of code comprising the specified object.

help([command ...])

Displays brief help information about the specified commands, or about all available functions if none are specified.

intern(string)

Internalizes the specified string into the atom table. Every string has a unique identifier, called an atom. This system makes it easier to do comparisons between strings.

Note: This function is intended only for use when testing the JavaScript engine.

line2pc([function, ] line)

Returns the program counter value corresponding to the specified line of code. If function is specified, line is an offset into the specified function.

load(filename1 [filename])

Loads the JavaScript files with the specified names.

Note: For loading non-JavaScript files, use read().

options([option ...])

Lets you set or get options. If you specified options on the command line, the results of calling options will indicate which options you requested. You can also pass in new options to set.

The available options are:

Option Name	Description
strict	Strict mode is enabled.
werror	Warnings should be treated as errors.
atline	When atline is enabled, comments of the form //@line num set the number of the following line to num.

pc2line(function, [pc])

Returns the line number of the JavaScript code that corresponds to the first line of the specified function. If you specify a program counter offset into the function, the line number of the line of code containing that offset is returned.

print([expression ...])

Evaluates the expression(s) and displays the result(s) on stdout, separated by spaces (" ") and terminated by a newline ("\n").

putstr(expression)

Evaluates the expression and displays the result on stdout.

quit([status])

Exits the shell. status defaults to 0 if omitted.

read(filename[, type])

Reads and returns the contents of file. If type is "binary" returns an Uint8Array, otherwise returns an UTF-8 decoded string.

readline()

Reads a single line of input from stdin, returning it to the caller. You can use this to create interactive shell programs in JavaScript.

Reflect.parse()

See Parser API.

Note: This function is intended only for use when testing the JavaScript engine.

seal(object[, deep])

Seals the specified object, or an object graph if deep is true. By sealing an object or object graph, you disable modification of those objects.

sleep(dt)

Added in SpiderMonkey 1.8 Only in JS_THREADSAFE builds. Sleep for dt seconds. Fractions of a second are supported. Returns true on success, false if the sleep was interrupted.

stackQuota([number])

Get or set the script stack quota.

throwError()

Throws an error from the JS_ReportError() function.

Note: This function is intended only for use when testing the JavaScript engine.

trap([function, [pc,]] expression)

Sets a trap at the specific point in the JavaScript code. When the bytecode at the offset specified by pc in the function function is about to be executed, the expression is evaluated.

This is a powerful debugging mechanism when used in concert with line2pc(). For example, if you want to display a message when line 6 of a function, doSomething() is executed, you can enter the following:

trap(doSomething, line2pc(doSomething, 6), "print('line 6!\n')");

Note: When a trap is set, the corresponding bytecode in the program is replaced with a trap bytecode until you use untrap() to remove the trap.

untrap(function [, pc])

Removes a trap from the specified function at the offset pc. If pc isn't specified, the trap is removed from the function's entry point.

This function has no effect if there is no trap at the specified location.

version([number])

The version() function lets you get or set the JavaScript version number. This may be useful for gaining access to syntax only available in certain versions of JavaScript (for example, see Using JavaScript 1.7).

Debug functions

These built-in functions are only available in DEBUG builds.

dis([function])

Disassembles the JavaScript bytecode for the entire program, or for the specified function.

For example, if you enter the JavaScript function below:

function test() {
  var i = 3;
  print(i+2);
}

Then run the command dis(test);, you get this output:

main:
00000:  uint16 3
00003:  setvar 0
00006:  pop
00007:  name "print"
00010:  pushobj
00011:  getvar 0
00014:  uint16 2
00017:  add
00018:  call 1
00021:  pop
00022:  stop

Source notes:
  0:     0 [   0] newline
  1:     3 [   3] decl     offset 0
  2:     7 [   4] newline
  3:    18 [  11] xdelta
  4:    18 [   0] pcbase   offset 11

dissrc([function])

Disassembles the JavaScript bytecode for the entire program, or for the specified function, showing the source lines. This function only works with programs loaded from files, either using the -f flag on launching the shell, or by using the load() function.

If your program includes a function, doStuff(), like this:

function doStuff(input) {
	print("Enter a number: ");
	var n1 = readline();
	print("Enter another one: ");
	var n2 = readline();

	print("You entered " + n1 + " and " + n2 + "\n");
}

Calling dissrc(doStuff) function would give this output:

;-------------------------  10:         print("Enter a number: ");
00000:  10  name "print"
00003:  10  pushobj
00004:  10  string "Enter a number: "
00007:  10  call 1
00010:  10  pop
;-------------------------  11:         var n1 = readline();
00011:  11  name "readline"
00014:  11  pushobj
00015:  11  call 0
00018:  11  setvar 0
00021:  11  pop
;-------------------------  12:         print("Enter another one: ");
00022:  12  name "print"
00025:  12  pushobj
00026:  12  string "Enter another one: "
00029:  12  call 1
00032:  12  pop
;-------------------------  13:         var n2 = readline();
00033:  13  name "readline"
00036:  13  pushobj
00037:  13  call 0
00040:  13  setvar 1
00043:  13  pop
;-------------------------  14:
;-------------------------  15:         print("You entered " + n1 + " and " + n2 + "\n");
00044:  15  name "print"
00047:  15  pushobj
00048:  15  string "You entered "
00051:  15  getvar 0
00054:  15  add
00055:  15  string " and "
00058:  15  add
00059:  15  getvar 1
00062:  15  add
00063:  15  string "\\n"
00066:  15  add
00067:  15  call 1
00070:  15  pop
00071:  15  stop

dumpheap(([fileName[, start[, toFind[, maxDepth[, toIgnore]]]]])

Dump GC information. This is a thin wrapper for JS_DumpHeap.

gczeal(zeal)

Enable extra-frequent GC, to help find GC hazards. zeal is an integer. The meaning is the same as for the parameter to ^JS_SetGCZeal.

notes([function])

Shows the source notes for the specified function. Source notes contain information that map the bytecode to the source code, which is used when decompiling the code, such as when using the dissrc() function.