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Using the PKCS #12 Tool (pk12util)

The PKCS #12 utility makes sharing of certificates among Enterprise server 3.x and any server (Netscape products or non-Netscape products) that supports PKCS#12 possible. The tool allows you to import certificates and keys from pkcs #12 files into NSS or export them and also list certificates and keys in such files.

Availability

See the release notes for the platforms this tool is available on.

Synopsis

pk12util -i p12File [-h tokenname] [-v] [common-options]
or
pk12util

-o p12File -n certname [-c keyCipher] [-C certCipher] [-m | --key_len keyLen] [-n | --cert_key_len certKeyLen] [common-options]

or
pk12util -l p12File [-h tokenname] [-r] [common-options]
where
[common-options] = [-d dir] [-P dbprefix] [-k slotPasswordFile | -K slotPassword] [-w p12filePasswordFile | -W p12filePassword]

Syntax

To run the PKCS #12 Tool, type ther command pk12util option[arguments] where option and arguments are combinations of the options and arguments listed in the following section. Three of the options, -i, -o, and -l, should be considered commands of the pk12util invocation. Each command takes several options. Options may take zero or more arguments. To see a usage string, issue the pkcs12util command without any options.

Options and Arguments

Options specify an action. Option arguments modify an action. The options and arguments for the pk12util command are defined as follows:

Options
`-i` p12file	Import a certificate and private key from from the p12file into the database.
`-o` p12file	Export certificate and private key, specified by the -n option, from the database to the p12 file.
`-l` p12file	List certificate and private key from from the `p12file` file.
Arguments
`-n` certname	Specify the nickname of the cert and private key to export.
`-d` dir	Specify the database directory into which to import to or export from certificates and keys. If not specified the directory defaults to $HOME/.netscape (when $HOME exists in the environment), or to ./.netscape (when $HOME does not exist in the environment).
`-P` prefix	Specify the prefix used on the `cert8.db` and `key3.db` files (for example, `my_cert8.db` and `my_key3.db`). This option is provided as a special case. Changing the names of the certificate and key databases is not recommended.
`-h` tokenname	Specify the name of the token to import into or export from
`-v`	Enable debug logging when importing
`-k` slotPasswordFile	Specify the text file containing the slot's password
`-K` slotPassword	Specify a slot's password
`-w` p12filePasswordFile	Specify the text file containing the pkcs 12 file's password
`-W` p12filePassword	Specify the pkcs 12 file's password
`-c` key-cipher	Specify the key encryption algorithm
`-C` certCipher	Specify the PFX encryption algorithm
`-m \| --key_len` keyLen	Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the private key
`-n \| --cert_key_len` certLeyLen	Specify the desired length of the symmetric key to be used to encrypt the top level protocol data unit

Password Based Encryption

PKCS #12 provides for not only the protection of the private keys but also the certificate and meta-data associated with the keys. Password based encryption is used to protect private keys on export to a PKCS #12 file and also the entire package when allowed. If no algorithm is specified, the tool defaults to using "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 3KEY Triple DES-cbc" for private key encryption. For historical export control reasons "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 40 Bit RC4" is the default for the overall package encryption when not in FIPS mode and no package encryption when in FIPS mode. The private key is always protected with strong encryption by default. A list of ciphers follows.

symmetric CBC ciphers for PKCS #5 V2:
- "DES_CBC"
- "RC2-CBC"
- "RC5-CBCPad"
- "DES-EDE3-CBC"
  --- default for key encryption
- "AES-128-CBC"
- "AES-192-CBC"
- "AES-256-CBC"
- "CAMELLIA-128-CBC"
- "CAMELLIA-192-CBC"
- "CAMELLIA-256-CBC"

PKCS #12 PBE Ciphers:
- "PKCS #12 PBE With Sha1 and 128 Bit RC4"
- "PKCS #12 PBE With Sha1 and 40 Bit RC4"
- "PKCS #12 PBE With Sha1 and Triple DES CBC"
- "PKCS #12 PBE With Sha1 and 128 Bit RC2 CBC"
- "PKCS #12 PBE With Sha1 and 40 Bit RC2 CBC"
- "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 128 Bit RC4"
- "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 40 Bit RC4"
  --- default for PFX encryption in non-fips mode, no encryption on fips mode
- "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 3KEY Triple DES-cbc"
- "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 2KEY Triple DES-cbc"
- "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 128 Bit RC2 CBC"
- "PKCS12 V2 PBE With SHA1 And 40 Bit RC2 CBC"

PKCS #5 PBE Ciphers:
- "PKCS #5 Password Based Encryption with MD2 and DES CBC"
- "PKCS #5 Password Based Encryption with MD5 and DES CBC"
- "PKCS #5 Password Based Encryption with SHA1 and DES CBC"

It should be noted that the the crypto provider may be the softtoken module or an external hardware module. It may be the case that the cryptographic module does not support the requested algorithm and a best fit will be selected, likely to be the default. If no suitable replacement for the desired algorithm can be found a "no security module can perform the requested operation" will appear on the error message.