Domain Name System 编辑

Note: From release 13.0 build 41.x, the Citrix ADC appliance in ADNS and proxy mode is fully compliant with DNS flag day 2019.

You can configure the Citrix ADC appliance to function as an authoritative domain name server (ADNS server) for a domain. Add the DNS resource records that belong to the domain for which the appliance is authoritative and configure resource record parameters. You can also configure the appliance as a proxy DNS server that load balances a farm of DNS name servers that are either within or outside your network. Configure the appliance as an end resolver and forwarder. You can configure DNS suffixes that enable name resolution when fully qualified domain names are not configured. The appliance also supports the DNS ANY query that retrieves all the records that belong to a domain.

You can configure the appliance to concurrently function as an authoritative DNS server for one domain and a DNS proxy server for another domain. When you configure the appliance as the authoritative DNS server or DNS proxy server for a zone, you can enable the appliance to use the TCP for response sizes that exceed the size limit specified for the User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

How DNS Works on the Citrix ADC

You can configure the Citrix ADC appliance to function as an ADNS server, DNS proxy server, end resolver, and forwarder. You can add DNS resource records on the Citrix ADC appliance, including the following records:

• Service (SRV) records
• IPv6 (AAAA) records
• Address (A) records
• Mail exchange (MX) records
• Canonical name (CNAME) records
• Pointer (PTR) records
• Start of authority (SOA) records
• Text (TXT) records

Also, you can configure the Citrix ADC to load balance external DNS name servers.

The Citrix ADC appliance can be configured as the authority for a domain. Add valid SOA and NS records for the domain.

An ADNS server is a DNS server that contains complete information about a zone.

To configure the Citrix ADC appliance as an ADNS server for a zone, you must add an ADNS service, and then configure the zone. To do so, you add valid SOA and NS records for the domain. When a client sends a DNS request, the Citrix ADC appliance searches the configured resource records for the domain name. You can configure the ADNS service to be used with the Citrix ADC Global Server Load Balancing (GSLB) feature.

You can delegate a subdomain, by adding NS records for the subdomain to the zone of the parent domain. You can then make the Citrix ADC authoritative for the subdomain, by adding a “glue record” for each of the subdomain name servers. If GSLB is configured, the Citrix ADC makes a GSLB load balancing decision based on its configuration and replies with the IP address of the selected virtual server. The following figure shows the entities in an ADNS GSLB setup and a DNS proxy setup.

Figure 1. DNS Proxy Entity Model

The Citrix ADC appliance can function as a DNS proxy. Caching of DNS records, which is an important function of a DNS proxy, is enabled by default on the Citrix ADC appliance. Caching enables the Citrix ADC appliance to provide quick responses for repeated translations. Create a load balancing DNS virtual server, and DNS services, and then bind these services to the virtual server.

The Citrix ADC provides two options, minimum time to live (TTL) and maximum TTL for configuring the lifetime of the cached data. The cached data times out as specified by your settings for these two options. The Citrix ADC checks the TTL of the DNS record coming from the server. If the TTL is less than the configured minimum TTL, it is replaced with the configured minimum TTL. If the TTL is greater than the configured maximum TTL, it is replaced with the configured maximum TTL.

The Citrix ADC also allows caching of negative responses for a domain. A negative response indicates that information about a requested domain does not exist, or that the server cannot provide an answer for the query. The storage of this information is called negative caching. Negative caching helps speed up responses to queries on a domain, and can optionally provide the record type.

A negative response can be one of the following:

• NXDOMAIN error message - If a negative response is present in the local cache, the Citrix ADC returns an error message (NXDOMAIN). If the response is not in the local cache, the query is forwarded to the server, and the server returns an NXDOMAIN error to the Citrix ADC. The Citrix ADC caches the response locally, then returns the error message to the client.
• NODATA error message - The Citrix ADC sends a NODATA error message, if the domain name in query is valid but records of the given type are not available.

The Citrix ADC supports recursive resolution of DNS requests. In recursive resolution, the resolver (DNS client) sends a recursive query to a name server for a domain name. If the queried name server is authoritative for the domain, it responds with the requested domain name. Otherwise, the Citrix ADC queries the name servers recursively until the requested domain name is found.

Before you can apply the recursive query option, you must first enable it. You can also set the number of times the DNS resolver must send a resolution request (DNS retries) if a DNS lookup fails.

You can configure the Citrix ADC as a DNS forwarder. A forwarder passes DNS requests to external name servers. The Citrix ADC allows you to add external name servers and provides name resolution for domains outside the network. The Citrix ADC also allows you to set the name lookup priority to DNS or Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).

Enable the ADC appliance to use DNS to resolve the host name to its respective IP address

Note: You require an SSH utility to access the command line interface (CLI) of the appliance.

By default, the ADC appliance cannot resolve the host name to its respective IP address. Complete the following tasks to enable the name resolution on the appliance:

1. Define name servers.
2. Define a DNS suffix.

Points to note

Perform the DNS lookup from the CLI. DNS lookups from the shell prompt of the FreeBSD operating system fail because the entry in the /etc/resolv.conf file points to the 127.0.0.2 IP address.

The following commands are not available in the CLI of the appliance:

-  host
-  dig
-  getent/MIP
-  nslookup
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