Centos 7 安装 MySQL 5.6.tar.gz

Question

一、下载 MySQL

1、官网下载：MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)

2、卸载系统自带的 Mariadb

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb // 查询出来已安装的 mariadb
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps 文件名 // 卸载 mariadb，文件名为上述命令查询出来的文件

3、删除 etc 目录下的 my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf

4、执行以下命令来创建 mysql 用户组

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql

5、执行以下命令来创建一个用户名为 mysql 的用户并加入 mysql 用户组

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

6、将下载的压缩包放到 /usr/local/ 目录下（通过 mv 要移动的文件 /usr/local/ ）

7、解压安装包

[root@localhost local]# tar -xvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar

注：如果压缩包为： mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz ，则解压命令为： tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.51-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

8、将解压好的文件夹重命名为 mysql

[root@localhost local]# mv 解压出来的文件夹名 mysql

9、在 etc 下新建配置文件 my.cnf，并在该文件中添加一下代码，当然也有简单方式：直接 copy 一份 my.cnf 文件到 /etc 下，然后再修改即可，copy 一份 /usr/local/mysql/support-files/ 下的 my-default.cnf 文件到 /etc 下

命令为：[root@localhost support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

然后，配置 /etc 目录下的 my.cnf 文件

[root@localhost support-files]# vim /etc/my.cnf

通过 vim 编辑器编辑 my.cnf 代码如下：

[root@localhost env]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.
[mysqld]
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
########basic settings########
#basedir = /usr
datadir = /data/mysql
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
log-error = /data/mysql/error.log
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysql.pid
user = mysql
tmpdir = /tmp
character_set_server = utf8
default-storage-engine = INNODB
lower_case_table_name = 1
#log-queries-not-using-indexes
skip-host-cache
skip-name-resolve
# skip-external-locking
query_cache_size = 128M
query_cache_type = 1
query_cache_limit = 4M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 4K
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#performance_schema = 0
#explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
#lower_case_table_names = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
default-time-zone = '+8:00'
back_log = 500
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 4096
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_heap_table_size = 256M
tmp_table_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 32M
########buffer settings########
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 64M
sort_buffer_size = 32M
join_buffer_size = 16M
key_buffer_size = 128M
thread_cache_size = 100
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M
########log settings########
#log_bin = mysql-bin
#binlog_format = mixed
#expire_logs_days = 30
slow_query_log=1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
long_query_time = 1
min_examined_row_limit = 100
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
log-slow-admin-statements = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 0
#log_timestamps=system
log_output = FILE
########innodb settings########
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 2000
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 4G
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock

10、进入安装 mysql 软件目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./ 修改当前目录拥有着为 mysql 用户
[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql 安装数据库

注：若执行以上最后一个命令出现以下问题：

FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing
./scripts/mysql_install_db:Data::Dumper

解决方法 ：安装 autoconf 库

命令： yum -y install autoconf ，此包安装时会安装 Data:Dumper 模块，安装完成重新执行上述最后一个命令

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data 修改当前 data 目录的拥有者为 mysql 用户

二、配置 MySQL

1、授予 my.cnf 最大权限

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /etc/my.cnf

设置开机自启动服务控制脚本。

2、复制启动脚本到资源目录

[root@localhost mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

3、增加 mysqld 服务控制脚本执行权限

[root@localhost mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

4、将 mysqld 服务加入到系统服务

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld

5、检查 mysqld 服务是否已经生效

[root@localhost mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld

命令输出类似下面的结果:

mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

表明mysqld服务已经生效，在2、3、4、5运行级别随系统启动而自动启动，以后可以使用 service 命令控制 mysql 的启动和停止

命令为： service mysqld start 和 service mysqld stop

6、启动 mysqld

[root@localhost mysql]# service mysqld start

7、将 mysql 的 bin 目录加入 PATH 环境变量，编辑 ~/.bash_profile 文件

[root@localhost mysql]# vim ~/.bash_profile

在文件最后添加如下信息:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

然后按 ESC 键，继续 shift 键加冒号打出来 : ，接下来输入 wq 回车即可，执行下面的命令是修改的内容立即生效：

[root@localhost mysql]# source ~/.bash_profile

8、以 root 账户登录 mysql 默认是没有密码的

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -uroot -p

要输入密码的时候直接回车即可。

9、设置 root 账户密码为 root（也可以修改成你要的密码）

mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set password=password('root') where user='root' and host='localhost';
mysql>flush privileges;

10、设置远程主机登录，注意下面的 your username 和 your password 改成你需要设置的用户和密码

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'your username'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your password' WITH GRANT OPTION;