above

above
a.bove  AHD[…-b¾v“]   DJ[*6bJv]  KK[*6bJv]
adv.(副词)
1.On high; overhead:
    在高处;在头之上:
    the clouds above.
    天上的云彩
2.In heaven; heavenward.
    在天上;朝向天空
3.Upstairs:
    在楼上:
    a table in the dining room above.
    楼上餐厅的一张桌子
4.To a degree that is over zero:
    零度以上:
    15&9{=} above.
    零上十五度
5.In or to a higher place.
    更高地:在或到一个更高的位置
6.In an earlier part of a given text:
    上文地:特定课文前面部分地:
  “The problems cited above have led to a number of suggestions for reform”(&b{Wharton Magazine})
    “前面所引用的问题引起许多关于改革的建议”(沃顿杂志)
7.In or to a higher rank or position:
    在上,以上:在或上升到一更高的地位或位置:
    the ranks of major and above.
    少校官阶或比其更高的官阶
prep.(介词)
1.Over or higher than:
    在…之上,比…更高:
    a cool spring above the timberline.
    林木线以上清凉泉水
2.Superior to in rank, position, or number; greater than:
    高于,先于,优于:在级别、位置或数量上占优势;比…更大:
    put principles above expediency.
    原则高于权宜
3.Beyond the level or reach of:
    超越:超过…的水平或延伸程度:
    a shot that was heard above the music.
    枪声掩盖了音乐
4.In preference to.
    偏好,优先
5.Too honorable to bend to:
    不屑于:太自尊而不屈从:
    I am above petty intrigue.
    我不屑于耍心机
6.More than:
    比…更多:
    somewhat above normal temperature.
    比正常温度略高
n.Usage Problem (名词)【用法疑难】
    An earlier part of a given text:
    上文,前文:课文的前面部分:
    Refer to the above for that information.
    关于那条信息请参照上文
adj.(形容词)
    Appearing earlier in the same text:
    上述的,前述的:出现在特定课文前面的:
    flaws in the above interpretation.
    上述解释的不足之处
ORIGIN
1.Middle Englishaboven
    中古英语aboven
2.from Old Englishabufan
    源自 古英语abufan
3.a- [on] * see  a-2
    a- [在…之上] *参见a-2
4.fan [above] * see  upo
    fan [在…之上] *参见 upo
USAGE
The use ofabove  as an adjective or noun in referring to a preceding text is most common in business and legal writing. In general writing its use as an adjective (the above figures ) was accepted by a majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey, but its use as a noun (read the above ) was accepted by only a minority.
    这种above 用作形容词或名词指代上文的用法在商业和法律文件中是最常见的。 在平常的书面语中,用作形容词(上面的数据 )是被大部分用法小组的人员所肯定, 但用作名词(读上文 )却只被极少数人所接受

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