@acyclic/keythereum 中文文档教程
@acyclic/keythereum
Note: This project is a fork of the keythereum project.
Keythereum 是一个用于生成、导入和导出以太坊密钥的 JavaScript 工具。 这提供了一种在本地和网络钱包中使用相同帐户的简单方法。 可用于可验证冷钱包。
Keythereum 使用与 geth. 您可以将生成的密钥导出到文件,将其复制到数据目录的密钥库,然后立即开始在本地以太坊客户端中使用它。
注意:从 0.5.0 版本开始,keythereum 的 encrypt
和 decrypt
函数都返回 Buffers 而不是字符串。 对于直接使用这些函数的任何人来说,这都是一个重大变化!
Installation
npm install @acyclic/keythereum
Usage
要在 Node.js 中使用 keythereum,只需 require
它:
var keythereum = require("@acyclic/keythereum");
一个缩小的、浏览器化的文件 dist/keythereum.min.js
包含在浏览器中使用。 包含此文件只是将 keythereum
对象附加到 window
:
<script src="dist/keythereum.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
Key creation
生成一个新的随机私钥(256 位),以及用于密钥派生的盐(256 位)函数,以及用于 AES-128-CTR 加密密钥的初始化向量(128 位)。 create
如果传递给回调函数则为异步,否则为同步。
// optional private key and initialization vector sizes in bytes
// (if params is not passed to create, keythereum.constants is used by default)
var params = { keyBytes: 32, ivBytes: 16 };
// synchronous
var dk = keythereum.create(params);
// dk:
{
privateKey: <Buffer ...>,
iv: <Buffer ...>,
salt: <Buffer ...>
}
// asynchronous
keythereum.create(params, function (dk) {
// do stuff!
});
Key export
您将需要指定密码和(可选)密钥派生函数。 如果未指定,PBKDF2-SHA256 将用于派生 AES 密钥。
var password = "wheethereum";
var kdf = "pbkdf2"; // or "scrypt" to use the scrypt kdf
dump
函数用于将密钥信息导出到密钥库 "secret-storage " 格式。 如果回调函数作为第六个参数提供给 dump
,它将异步运行:
// Note: if options is unspecified, the values in keythereum.constants are used.
var options = {
kdf: "pbkdf2",
cipher: "aes-128-ctr",
kdfparams: {
c: 262144,
dklen: 32,
prf: "hmac-sha256"
}
};
// synchronous
var keyObject = keythereum.dump(password, dk.privateKey, dk.salt, dk.iv, options);
// keyObject:
{
address: "008aeeda4d805471df9b2a5b0f38a0c3bcba786b",
Crypto: {
cipher: "aes-128-ctr",
ciphertext: "5318b4d5bcd28de64ee5559e671353e16f075ecae9f99c7a79a38af5f869aa46",
cipherparams: {
iv: "6087dab2f9fdbbfaddc31a909735c1e6"
},
mac: "517ead924a9d0dc3124507e3393d175ce3ff7c1e96529c6c555ce9e51205e9b2",
kdf: "pbkdf2",
kdfparams: {
c: 262144,
dklen: 32,
prf: "hmac-sha256",
salt: "ae3cd4e7013836a3df6bd7241b12db061dbe2c6785853cce422d148a624ce0bd"
}
},
id: "e13b209c-3b2f-4327-bab0-3bef2e51630d",
version: 3
}
// asynchronous
keythereum.dump(password, dk.privateKey, dk.salt, dk.iv, options, function (keyObject) {
// do stuff!
});
dump
创建一个对象而不是 JSON 字符串。 在 Node 中,exportToFile
方法提供了一种将此格式化的键对象导出到文件的简单方法。 它在 keystore
子目录中创建一个 JSON 文件,并使用 geth 的当前文件命名约定(ISO 时间戳与密钥的派生以太坊地址连接)。
keythereum.exportToFile(keyObject);
成功导出密钥后,您将看到如下消息:
Saved to file:
keystore/UTC--2015-08-11T06:13:53.359Z--008aeeda4d805471df9b2a5b0f38a0c3bcba786b
To use with geth, copy this file to your Ethereum keystore folder
(usually ~/.ethereum/keystore).
Key import
Importing a key from geth's keystore can only done on Node. JSON文件被解析为一个对象,其结构与上面的keyObject
相同。
// Specify a data directory (optional; defaults to ~/.ethereum)
var datadir = "/home/jack/.ethereum-test";
// Synchronous
var keyObject = keythereum.importFromFile(address, datadir);
// Asynchronous
keythereum.importFromFile(address, datadir, function (keyObject) {
// do stuff
});
这已通过版本 3 和版本 1 测试,但未使用版本 2 密钥进行测试。 (如果你有一个版本 2 的密钥库文件,请发给我,这样我可以测试它!)
要从密钥对象恢复明文私钥,请使用 keythereum.recover
。 私钥作为缓冲区返回。
// synchronous
var privateKey = keythereum.recover(password, keyObject);
// privateKey:
<Buffer ...>
// Asynchronous
keythereum.recover(password, keyObject, function (privateKey) {
// do stuff
});
Hashing rounds
默认情况下,keythereum 在其密钥派生函数中使用 65536 轮哈希,而 geth 默认使用 262144 轮。 (但是,Keythereum 的 JSON 输出文件仍然与 geth 兼容,因为它们告诉 geth 要使用多少轮。)这些值是用户可编辑的:keythereum.constants.pbkdf2.c
是轮数对于 PBKDF2,keythereum.constants.scrypt.n
是 scrypt 的轮数。
Tests
单元测试在 test
目录中,可以用 mocha 运行:
npm test
test/geth.js
是一个集成测试,它运行(与 test/ keys.js
) 使用:
npm run geth
geth.js
生成 1000 个随机私钥,使用随机生成的密码加密每个密钥,将加密的密钥信息转储到 JSON 文件,然后生成一个 geth实例并尝试使用其密码和 JSON 文件解锁每个帐户。 密码介于 1 到 100 个随机字节之间。 每个密码短语都经过十六进制和 base-64 编码以及 PBKDF2-SHA256 和 scrypt 密钥派生函数的测试。
默认情况下,传递给 geth 的标志是:
geth --etherbase <account> --unlock <account> --nodiscover --networkid "10101" --port 30304 --rpcport 8547 --datadir test/fixtures --password test/fixtures/.password
test/fixtures/.password
是一个包含密码的文件。 .password
文件,以及 geth.js
生成的 JSON 密钥文件,在测试后会自动删除。
(注意:geth.js
进行 4000 次测试,每次测试最多可能需要 5 秒,因此运行此文件最多可能需要 5.56 小时。)
@acyclic/keythereum
Note: This project is a fork of the keythereum project.
Keythereum is a JavaScript tool to generate, import and export Ethereum keys. This provides a simple way to use the same account locally and in web wallets. It can be used for verifiable cold storage wallets.
Keythereum uses the same key derivation functions (PBKDF2-SHA256 or scrypt), symmetric ciphers (AES-128-CTR or AES-128-CBC), and message authentication codes as geth. You can export your generated key to file, copy it to your data directory's keystore, and immediately start using it in your local Ethereum client.
Note: starting in version 0.5.0, keythereum's encrypt
and decrypt
functions both return Buffers instead of strings. This is a breaking change for anyone using these functions directly!
Installation
npm install @acyclic/keythereum
Usage
To use keythereum in Node.js, just require
it:
var keythereum = require("@acyclic/keythereum");
A minified, browserified file dist/keythereum.min.js
is included for use in the browser. Including this file simply attaches the keythereum
object to window
:
<script src="dist/keythereum.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
Key creation
Generate a new random private key (256 bit), as well as the salt (256 bit) used by the key derivation function, and the initialization vector (128 bit) used to AES-128-CTR encrypt the key. create
is asynchronous if it is passed a callback function, and synchronous otherwise.
// optional private key and initialization vector sizes in bytes
// (if params is not passed to create, keythereum.constants is used by default)
var params = { keyBytes: 32, ivBytes: 16 };
// synchronous
var dk = keythereum.create(params);
// dk:
{
privateKey: <Buffer ...>,
iv: <Buffer ...>,
salt: <Buffer ...>
}
// asynchronous
keythereum.create(params, function (dk) {
// do stuff!
});
Key export
You will need to specify a password and (optionally) a key derivation function. If unspecified, PBKDF2-SHA256 will be used to derive the AES secret key.
var password = "wheethereum";
var kdf = "pbkdf2"; // or "scrypt" to use the scrypt kdf
The dump
function is used to export key info to keystore "secret-storage" format. If a callback function is supplied as the sixth parameter to dump
, it will run asynchronously:
// Note: if options is unspecified, the values in keythereum.constants are used.
var options = {
kdf: "pbkdf2",
cipher: "aes-128-ctr",
kdfparams: {
c: 262144,
dklen: 32,
prf: "hmac-sha256"
}
};
// synchronous
var keyObject = keythereum.dump(password, dk.privateKey, dk.salt, dk.iv, options);
// keyObject:
{
address: "008aeeda4d805471df9b2a5b0f38a0c3bcba786b",
Crypto: {
cipher: "aes-128-ctr",
ciphertext: "5318b4d5bcd28de64ee5559e671353e16f075ecae9f99c7a79a38af5f869aa46",
cipherparams: {
iv: "6087dab2f9fdbbfaddc31a909735c1e6"
},
mac: "517ead924a9d0dc3124507e3393d175ce3ff7c1e96529c6c555ce9e51205e9b2",
kdf: "pbkdf2",
kdfparams: {
c: 262144,
dklen: 32,
prf: "hmac-sha256",
salt: "ae3cd4e7013836a3df6bd7241b12db061dbe2c6785853cce422d148a624ce0bd"
}
},
id: "e13b209c-3b2f-4327-bab0-3bef2e51630d",
version: 3
}
// asynchronous
keythereum.dump(password, dk.privateKey, dk.salt, dk.iv, options, function (keyObject) {
// do stuff!
});
dump
creates an object and not a JSON string. In Node, the exportToFile
method provides an easy way to export this formatted key object to file. It creates a JSON file in the keystore
sub-directory, and uses geth's current file-naming convention (ISO timestamp concatenated with the key's derived Ethereum address).
keythereum.exportToFile(keyObject);
After successful key export, you will see a message like:
Saved to file:
keystore/UTC--2015-08-11T06:13:53.359Z--008aeeda4d805471df9b2a5b0f38a0c3bcba786b
To use with geth, copy this file to your Ethereum keystore folder
(usually ~/.ethereum/keystore).
Key import
Importing a key from geth's keystore can only be done on Node. The JSON file is parsed into an object with the same structure as keyObject
above.
// Specify a data directory (optional; defaults to ~/.ethereum)
var datadir = "/home/jack/.ethereum-test";
// Synchronous
var keyObject = keythereum.importFromFile(address, datadir);
// Asynchronous
keythereum.importFromFile(address, datadir, function (keyObject) {
// do stuff
});
This has been tested with version 3 and version 1, but not version 2, keys. (Please send me a version 2 keystore file if you have one, so I can test it!)
To recover the plaintext private key from the key object, use keythereum.recover
. The private key is returned as a Buffer.
// synchronous
var privateKey = keythereum.recover(password, keyObject);
// privateKey:
<Buffer ...>
// Asynchronous
keythereum.recover(password, keyObject, function (privateKey) {
// do stuff
});
Hashing rounds
By default, keythereum uses 65536 hashing rounds in its key derivation functions, compared to the 262144 geth uses by default. (Keythereum's JSON output files are still compatible with geth, however, since they tell geth how many rounds to use.) These values are user-editable: keythereum.constants.pbkdf2.c
is the number of rounds for PBKDF2, and keythereum.constants.scrypt.n
is the number of rounds for scrypt.
Tests
Unit tests are in the test
directory, and can be run with mocha:
npm test
test/geth.js
is an integration test, which is run (along with test/keys.js
) using:
npm run geth
geth.js
generates 1000 random private keys, encrypts each key using a randomly-generated passphrase, dumps the encrypted key info to a JSON file, then spawns a geth instance and attempts to unlock each account using its passphrase and JSON file. The passphrases are between 1 and 100 random bytes. Each passphrase is tested in both hexadecimal and base-64 encodings, and with PBKDF2-SHA256 and scrypt key derivation functions.
By default, the flags passed to geth are:
geth --etherbase <account> --unlock <account> --nodiscover --networkid "10101" --port 30304 --rpcport 8547 --datadir test/fixtures --password test/fixtures/.password
test/fixtures/.password
is a file which contains the passphrase. The .password
file, as well as the JSON key files generated by geth.js
, are automatically deleted after the test.
(Note: geth.js
conducts 4000 tests, each of which can take up to 5 seconds, so running this file can take up to 5.56 hours.)