@acto/gatsby-source-filesystem 中文文档教程

发布于 3年前 浏览 9 项目主页 更新于 3年前

@acto/gatsby-source-filesystem

一个 Gatsby 源插件,用于将数据采购到您的 Gatsby 应用程序中 从您的本地文件系统。

该插件从文件创建 File 节点。 形形色色的“变形金刚” 插件可以将 File 节点转换为各种其他类型的数据,例如 gatsby-transformer-json 将 JSON 文件转换为 JSON 数据节点并 gatsby-transformer-remark 将 markdown 文件转换为 MarkdownRemark 您可以从中查询降价的 HTML 表示形式的节点。

Install

npm install --save gatsby-source-filesystem

How to use

// In your gatsby-config.js
module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    // You can have multiple instances of this plugin
    // to read source nodes from different locations on your
    // filesystem.
    //
    // The following sets up the Jekyll pattern of having a
    // "pages" directory for Markdown files and a "data" directory
    // for `.json`, `.yaml`, `.csv`.
    {
      resolve: `gatsby-source-filesystem`,
      options: {
        name: `pages`,
        path: `${__dirname}/src/pages/`,
      },
    },
    {
      resolve: `gatsby-source-filesystem`,
      options: {
        name: `data`,
        path: `${__dirname}/src/data/`,
        ignore: [`**/\.*`], // ignore files starting with a dot
      },
    },
  ],
}

Options

除了名称和路径参数之外,您还可以传递可选的 ignore 文件 glob 数组以忽略。

它们将被添加到以下默认列表中:

**/*.un~
**/.DS_Store
**/.gitignore
**/.npmignore
**/.babelrc
**/yarn.lock
**/node_modules
../**/dist/**

How to query

您可以像下面这样查询文件节点:

{
  allFile {
    edges {
      node {
        extension
        dir
        modifiedTime
      }
    }
  }
}

要按您在配置中指定的 name 进行过滤,请使用 sourceInstanceName

{
  allFile(filter: { sourceInstanceName: { eq: "data" } }) {
    edges {
      node {
        extension
        dir
        modifiedTime
      }
    }
  }
}

Helper functions

gatsby-source-filesystem 导出两个辅助函数:

  • createFilePath
  • createRemoteFileNode

createFilePath

当从文件构建页面时,您通常希望从文件系统上的文件路径创建 URL。 例如,如果你在 src/content/2018-01-23-an-exploration-of-the-nature-of-reality/index.md 有一个降价文件,你可能想把它变成您网站上的页面 example.com/2018-01-23-an-exploration-of-the-nature-of-reality/createFilePath 是一个帮助函数,可以让这个任务变得更容易。

createFilePath({
  // The node you'd like to convert to a path
  // e.g. from a markdown, JSON, YAML file, etc
  node:
  // Method used to get a node
  // The parameter from `onCreateNode` should be passed in here
  getNode:
  // The base path for your files.
  // Defaults to `src/pages`. For the example above, you'd use `src/content`.
  basePath:
  // Whether you want your file paths to contain a trailing `/` slash
  // Defaults to true
  trailingSlash:
})

Example usage

以下内容摘自 Gatsby 教程,第七部分,用于为降价页面创建 URL slugs。

const { createFilePath } = require(`gatsby-source-filesystem`)

exports.onCreateNode = ({ node, getNode, actions }) => {
  const { createNodeField } = actions
  // Ensures we are processing only markdown files
  if (node.internal.type === "MarkdownRemark") {
    // Use `createFilePath` to turn markdown files in our `data/faqs` directory into `/faqs/slug`
    const relativeFilePath = createFilePath({
      node,
      getNode,
      basePath: "data/faqs/",
    })

    // Creates new query'able field with name of 'slug'
    createNodeField({
      node,
      name: "slug",
      value: `/faqs${relativeFilePath}`,
    })
  }
}

createRemoteFileNode

在为远程数据源(例如无头 CMS)构建源插件时,它们的数据通常会链接到远程存储的文件,这些文件通常便于下载,因此您可以在本地使用它们。

createRemoteFileNode 帮助程序可以轻松下载远程文件并将它们添加到站点的 GraphQL 架构中。

createRemoteFileNode({
  // The source url of the remote file
  url: `https://example.com/a-file.jpg`,

  // The id of the parent node (i.e. the node to which the new remote File node will be linked to.
  parentNodeId,

  // The redux store which is passed to all Node APIs.
  store,

  // Gatsby's cache which the helper uses to check if the file has been downloaded already. It's passed to all Node APIs.
  cache,

  // The action used to create nodes
  createNode,

  // A helper function for creating node Ids
  createNodeId,

  // OPTIONAL
  // Adds htaccess authentication to the download request if passed in.
  auth: { htaccess_user: `USER`, htaccess_pass: `PASSWORD` },

  // OPTIONAL
  // Sets the file extension
  ext: ".jpg",
})

Example usage

以下示例摘自 gatsby-source-wordpress。 下载的文件创建为 File 节点,然后链接到 WordPress Media 节点,因此它既可以作为常规 File 节点查询,也可以从 localFile 字段。

const { createRemoteFileNode } = require(`gatsby-source-filesystem`)

exports.downloadMediaFiles = ({
  nodes,
  store,
  cache,
  createNode,
  createNodeId,
  _auth,
}) => {
  nodes.map(async node => {
    let fileNode
    // Ensures we are only processing Media Files
    // `wordpress__wp_media` is the media file type name for Wordpress
    if (node.__type === `wordpress__wp_media`) {
      try {
        fileNode = await createRemoteFileNode({
          url: node.source_url,
          parentNodeId: node.id,
          store,
          cache,
          createNode,
          createNodeId,
          auth: _auth,
        })
      } catch (e) {
        // Ignore
      }
    }

    // Adds a field `localFile` to the node
    // ___NODE appendix tells Gatsby that this field will link to another node
    if (fileNode) {
      node.localFile___NODE = fileNode.id
    }
  })
}

然后可以使用 GraphQL 查询文件节点。 请参阅 gatsby-source-wordpress 自述文件 中的示例,其中使用 gatsby-transformer-sharp 在组件 gatsby-image 中使用。

Retrieving the remote file name and extension

助手首先尝试通过解析 url 和提供的路径来检索文件名和扩展名(例如,如果 url 是 https://example.com/image.jpg,扩展名将被推断为 .jpg 和名称为 image)。 如果 url 不包含扩展名,我们使用 file-type 包来推断文件类型。 最后,名称和扩展名可以 显式传递,如下所示:

createRemoteFileNode({
  // The source url of the remote file
  url: `https://example.com/a-file-without-an-extension`,
  parentNodeId: node.id,
  store,
  cache,
  createNode,
  createNodeId,
  // if necessary!
  ext: ".jpg",
  name: "image",
})

@acto/gatsby-source-filesystem

A Gatsby source plugin for sourcing data into your Gatsby application from your local filesystem.

The plugin creates File nodes from files. The various "transformer" plugins can transform File nodes into various other types of data e.g. gatsby-transformer-json transforms JSON files into JSON data nodes and gatsby-transformer-remark transforms markdown files into MarkdownRemark nodes from which you can query an HTML representation of the markdown.

Install

npm install --save gatsby-source-filesystem

How to use

// In your gatsby-config.js
module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    // You can have multiple instances of this plugin
    // to read source nodes from different locations on your
    // filesystem.
    //
    // The following sets up the Jekyll pattern of having a
    // "pages" directory for Markdown files and a "data" directory
    // for `.json`, `.yaml`, `.csv`.
    {
      resolve: `gatsby-source-filesystem`,
      options: {
        name: `pages`,
        path: `${__dirname}/src/pages/`,
      },
    },
    {
      resolve: `gatsby-source-filesystem`,
      options: {
        name: `data`,
        path: `${__dirname}/src/data/`,
        ignore: [`**/\.*`], // ignore files starting with a dot
      },
    },
  ],
}

Options

In addition to the name and path parameters you may pass an optional ignore array of file globs to ignore.

They will be added to the following default list:

**/*.un~
**/.DS_Store
**/.gitignore
**/.npmignore
**/.babelrc
**/yarn.lock
**/node_modules
../**/dist/**

How to query

You can query file nodes like the following:

{
  allFile {
    edges {
      node {
        extension
        dir
        modifiedTime
      }
    }
  }
}

To filter by the name you specified in the config, use sourceInstanceName:

{
  allFile(filter: { sourceInstanceName: { eq: "data" } }) {
    edges {
      node {
        extension
        dir
        modifiedTime
      }
    }
  }
}

Helper functions

gatsby-source-filesystem exports two helper functions:

  • createFilePath
  • createRemoteFileNode

createFilePath

When building pages from files, you often want to create a URL from a file's path on the file system. E.g. if you have a markdown file at src/content/2018-01-23-an-exploration-of-the-nature-of-reality/index.md, you might want to turn that into a page on your site at example.com/2018-01-23-an-exploration-of-the-nature-of-reality/. createFilePath is a helper function to make this task easier.

createFilePath({
  // The node you'd like to convert to a path
  // e.g. from a markdown, JSON, YAML file, etc
  node:
  // Method used to get a node
  // The parameter from `onCreateNode` should be passed in here
  getNode:
  // The base path for your files.
  // Defaults to `src/pages`. For the example above, you'd use `src/content`.
  basePath:
  // Whether you want your file paths to contain a trailing `/` slash
  // Defaults to true
  trailingSlash:
})

Example usage

The following is taken from Gatsby Tutorial, Part Seven and is used to create URL slugs for markdown pages.

const { createFilePath } = require(`gatsby-source-filesystem`)

exports.onCreateNode = ({ node, getNode, actions }) => {
  const { createNodeField } = actions
  // Ensures we are processing only markdown files
  if (node.internal.type === "MarkdownRemark") {
    // Use `createFilePath` to turn markdown files in our `data/faqs` directory into `/faqs/slug`
    const relativeFilePath = createFilePath({
      node,
      getNode,
      basePath: "data/faqs/",
    })

    // Creates new query'able field with name of 'slug'
    createNodeField({
      node,
      name: "slug",
      value: `/faqs${relativeFilePath}`,
    })
  }
}

createRemoteFileNode

When building source plugins for remote data sources such as headless CMSs, their data will often link to files stored remotely that are often convenient to download so you can work with them locally.

The createRemoteFileNode helper makes it easy to download remote files and add them to your site's GraphQL schema.

createRemoteFileNode({
  // The source url of the remote file
  url: `https://example.com/a-file.jpg`,

  // The id of the parent node (i.e. the node to which the new remote File node will be linked to.
  parentNodeId,

  // The redux store which is passed to all Node APIs.
  store,

  // Gatsby's cache which the helper uses to check if the file has been downloaded already. It's passed to all Node APIs.
  cache,

  // The action used to create nodes
  createNode,

  // A helper function for creating node Ids
  createNodeId,

  // OPTIONAL
  // Adds htaccess authentication to the download request if passed in.
  auth: { htaccess_user: `USER`, htaccess_pass: `PASSWORD` },

  // OPTIONAL
  // Sets the file extension
  ext: ".jpg",
})

Example usage

The following example is pulled from gatsby-source-wordpress. Downloaded files are created as File nodes and then linked to the WordPress Media node, so it can be queried both as a regular File node and from the localFile field in the Media node.

const { createRemoteFileNode } = require(`gatsby-source-filesystem`)

exports.downloadMediaFiles = ({
  nodes,
  store,
  cache,
  createNode,
  createNodeId,
  _auth,
}) => {
  nodes.map(async node => {
    let fileNode
    // Ensures we are only processing Media Files
    // `wordpress__wp_media` is the media file type name for Wordpress
    if (node.__type === `wordpress__wp_media`) {
      try {
        fileNode = await createRemoteFileNode({
          url: node.source_url,
          parentNodeId: node.id,
          store,
          cache,
          createNode,
          createNodeId,
          auth: _auth,
        })
      } catch (e) {
        // Ignore
      }
    }

    // Adds a field `localFile` to the node
    // ___NODE appendix tells Gatsby that this field will link to another node
    if (fileNode) {
      node.localFile___NODE = fileNode.id
    }
  })
}

The file node can then be queried using GraphQL. See an example of this in the gatsby-source-wordpress README where downloaded images are queried using gatsby-transformer-sharp to use in the component gatsby-image.

Retrieving the remote file name and extension

The helper tries first to retrieve the file name and extension by parsing the url and the path provided (e.g. if the url is https://example.com/image.jpg, the extension will be inferred as .jpg and the name as image). If the url does not contain an extension, we use the file-type package to infer the file type. Finally, the name and the extension can be explicitly passed, like so:

createRemoteFileNode({
  // The source url of the remote file
  url: `https://example.com/a-file-without-an-extension`,
  parentNodeId: node.id,
  store,
  cache,
  createNode,
  createNodeId,
  // if necessary!
  ext: ".jpg",
  name: "image",
})
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