@abstractball/json-server 中文文档教程
JSON Server
在 不到 30 秒 内通过零编码 获得一个完整的假 REST API(认真)
使用 <3 创建,适用于需要快速后端进行原型设计的前端开发人员和嘲笑。
- Egghead.io free video tutorial - Creating demo APIs with json-server
- JSONPlaceholder - Live running version
- My JSON Server - no installation required, use your own data
另见
- :dog: husky - Git hooks made easy
- :hotel: hotel - developer tool with local .localhost domain and https out of the box
:
Gold sponsors ????
Bronze sponsors ????
Table of contents
- Getting started
- Routes
- Plural routes
- Singular routes
- Filter
- Paginate
- Sort
- Slice
- Operators
- Full-text search
- Relationships
- Database
- Homepage
- Extras
- Static file server
- Alternative port
- Access from anywhere
- Remote schema
- Generate random data
- HTTPS
- Add custom routes
- Add middlewares
- CLI usage
- Module
- Deployment
- Links
- Video
- Articles
- Third-party tools
- License
Getting started
安装 JSON 服务器
npm install -g json-server
创建一个 db.json
文件一些数据
{
"posts": [
{ "id": 1, "title": "json-server", "author": "typicode" }
],
"comments": [
{ "id": 1, "body": "some comment", "postId": 1 }
],
"profile": { "name": "typicode" }
}
启动 JSON 服务器
json-server --watch db.json
现在,如果您转到 http://localhost:3000/posts/1,您将获得
{ "id": 1, "title": "json-server", "author": "typicode" }
Also when做请求,很高兴知道:
- If you make POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE requests, changes will be automatically and safely saved to
db.json
using lowdb. - Your request body JSON should be object enclosed, just like the GET output. (for example
{"name": "Foobar"}
) - Id values are not mutable. Any
id
value in the body of your PUT or PATCH request will be ignored. Only a value set in a POST request will be respected, but only if not already taken. - A POST, PUT or PATCH request should include a
Content-Type: application/json
header to use the JSON in the request body. Otherwise it will return a 2XX status code, but without changes being made to the data.
Routes
基于前面的 db.json
文件,这里是所有的默认路由。 您还可以使用 --routes
添加其他路线。
Plural routes
GET /posts
GET /posts/1
POST /posts
PUT /posts/1
PATCH /posts/1
DELETE /posts/1
Singular routes
GET /profile
POST /profile
PUT /profile
PATCH /profile
Filter
使用 .
访问深层属性
GET /posts?title=json-server&author=typicode
GET /posts?id=1&id=2
GET /comments?author.name=typicode
Paginate
使用 _page
和可选的 _limit
对返回的数据进行分页。
在 Link
标头中,您将获得 first
、prev
、next
和 last
链接。
GET /posts?_page=7
GET /posts?_page=7&_limit=20
默认返回10条
Sort
添加_sort
和_order
(默认升序)
GET /posts?_sort=views&_order=asc
GET /posts/1/comments?_sort=votes&_order=asc
对于多个字段,使用如下格式:
GET /posts?_sort=user,views&_order=desc,asc
Slice
添加_start
和 _end
或 _limit
(响应中包含 X-Total-Count
标头)
GET /posts?_start=20&_end=30
GET /posts/1/comments?_start=20&_end=30
GET /posts/1/comments?_start=20&_limit=10
完全按照Array.slice(即 _start
是inclusive and _end
exclusive)
Operators
添加 _gte
或 _lte
获取范围
GET /posts?views_gte=10&views_lte=20
添加 _ne
排除值
GET /posts?id_ne=1
添加 _like
到过滤器(支持正则表达式)
GET /posts?title_like=server
Full-text search
添加 q
GET /posts?q=internet
Relationships
要包含子资源,请添加 _embed
GET /posts?_embed=comments
GET /posts/1?_embed=comments
要包含父资源,请添加 _expand< /code>
GET /comments?_expand=post
GET /comments/1?_expand=post
获取或创建嵌套资源(默认一层,添加自定义路由以获得更多)
GET /posts/1/comments
POST /posts/1/comments
Database
GET /db
Homepage
返回默认索引文件或服务 ./public
目录
GET /
Extras
Static file server
你可以使用 JSON S 服务器为您的 HTML、JS 和 CSS 提供服务,只需创建一个 ./public
目录 或使用 --static
设置不同的静态文件目录。
mkdir public
echo 'hello world' > public/index.html
json-server db.json
json-server db.json --static ./some-other-dir
Alternative port
您可以使用 --port
标志在其他端口上启动 JSON Server:
$ json-server --watch db.json --port 3004
Access from anywhere
您可以使用 CORS 和 JSONP 从任何地方访问您的假 API。
Remote schema
您可以加载远程模式。
$ json-server http://example.com/file.json
$ json-server http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/db
Generate random data
使用 JS 而不是 JSON 文件,您可以以编程方式创建数据。
// index.js
module.exports = () => {
const data = { users: [] }
// Create 1000 users
for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
data.users.push({ id: i, name: `user${i}` })
}
return data
}
$ json-server index.js
提示 使用Faker、休闲、机会或JSON Schema Faker。
HTTPS
在开发中设置 SSL 的方法有很多种。 一种简单的方法是使用 hotel。
Add custom routes
创建一个 routes.json
文件。 注意每条路由都以/
开头。
{
"/api/*": "/$1",
"/:resource/:id/show": "/:resource/:id",
"/posts/:category": "/posts?category=:category",
"/articles\\?id=:id": "/posts/:id"
}
使用 --routes
选项启动 JSON Server。
json-server db.json --routes routes.json
现在您可以使用其他路由访问资源。
/api/posts # → /posts
/api/posts/1 # → /posts/1
/posts/1/show # → /posts/1
/posts/javascript # → /posts?category=javascript
/articles?id=1 # → /posts/1
Add middlewares
您可以使用 --middlewares
选项从 CLI 添加中间件:
// hello.js
module.exports = (req, res, next) => {
res.header('X-Hello', 'World')
next()
}
json-server db.json --middlewares ./hello.js
json-server db.json --middlewares ./first.js ./second.js
CLI usage
json-server [options] <source>
Options:
--config, -c Path to config file [default: "json-server.json"]
--port, -p Set port [default: 3000]
--host, -H Set host [default: "localhost"]
--watch, -w Watch file(s) [boolean]
--routes, -r Path to routes file
--middlewares, -m Paths to middleware files [array]
--static, -s Set static files directory
--read-only, --ro Allow only GET requests [boolean]
--no-cors, --nc Disable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing [boolean]
--no-gzip, --ng Disable GZIP Content-Encoding [boolean]
--snapshots, -S Set snapshots directory [default: "."]
--delay, -d Add delay to responses (ms)
--id, -i Set database id property (e.g. _id) [default: "id"]
--foreignKeySuffix, --fks Set foreign key suffix, (e.g. _id as in post_id)
[default: "Id"]
--quiet, -q Suppress log messages from output [boolean]
--help, -h Show help [boolean]
--version, -v Show version number [boolean]
Examples:
json-server db.json
json-server file.js
json-server http://example.com/db.json
https://github.com/typicode/json-server
您还可以在 json-server.json
配置文件中设置选项。
{
"port": 3000
}
Module
如果您需要添加身份验证、验证或任何行为,您可以将该项目作为一个模块与其他 Express 中间件结合使用。
Simple example
$ npm install json-server --save-dev
// server.js
const jsonServer = require('json-server')
const server = jsonServer.create()
const router = jsonServer.router('db.json')
const middlewares = jsonServer.defaults()
server.use(middlewares)
server.use(router)
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('JSON Server is running')
})
$ node server.js
您提供给 jsonServer.router
函数的路径是相对于您启动节点进程的目录的。 如果您从另一个目录运行上述代码,最好使用绝对路径:
const path = require('path')
const router = jsonServer.router(path.join(__dirname, 'db.json'))
对于内存数据库,只需将一个对象传递给 jsonServer.router()
。
另请注意,jsonServer.router()
可用于现有的 Express 项目。
Custom routes example
假设您想要一个回显查询参数的路由和另一个为创建的每个资源设置时间戳的路由。
const jsonServer = require('json-server')
const server = jsonServer.create()
const router = jsonServer.router('db.json')
const middlewares = jsonServer.defaults()
// Set default middlewares (logger, static, cors and no-cache)
server.use(middlewares)
// Add custom routes before JSON Server router
server.get('/echo', (req, res) => {
res.jsonp(req.query)
})
// To handle POST, PUT and PATCH you need to use a body-parser
// You can use the one used by JSON Server
server.use(jsonServer.bodyParser)
server.use((req, res, next) => {
if (req.method === 'POST') {
req.body.createdAt = Date.now()
}
// Continue to JSON Server router
next()
})
// Use default router
server.use(router)
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('JSON Server is running')
})
Access control example
const jsonServer = require('json-server')
const server = jsonServer.create()
const router = jsonServer.router('db.json')
const middlewares = jsonServer.defaults()
server.use(middlewares)
server.use((req, res, next) => {
if (isAuthorized(req)) { // add your authorization logic here
next() // continue to JSON Server router
} else {
res.sendStatus(401)
}
})
server.use(router)
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('JSON Server is running')
})
Custom output example
要修改响应,覆盖 router.render
方法:
// In this example, returned resources will be wrapped in a body property
router.render = (req, res) => {
res.jsonp({
body: res.locals.data
})
}
您可以为响应设置自己的状态代码:
// In this example we simulate a server side error response
router.render = (req, res) => {
res.status(500).jsonp({
error: "error message here"
})
}
Rewriter example
要添加重写规则,请使用 jsonServer.rewriter()
:
// Add this before server.use(router)
server.use(jsonServer.rewriter({
'/api/*': '/$1',
'/blog/:resource/:id/show': '/:resource/:id'
}))
Mounting JSON Server on another endpoint example
或者,您也可以将路由器挂载到/api
。
server.use('/api', router)
API
jsonServer.create()
返回一个 Express 服务器。
jsonServer.defaults([options])
返回 JSON Server 使用的中间件。
- options
static
path to static fileslogger
enable logger middleware (default: true)bodyParser
enable body-parser middleware (default: true)noCors
disable CORS (default: false)readOnly
accept only GET requests (default: false)
jsonServer.router([path|object])
返回 JSON 服务器路由器。
Deployment
您可以部署 JSON 服务器。 例如,JSONPlaceholder 是由 JSON Server 提供支持并在 Heroku 上运行的在线伪造 API。
Links
Video
Articles
- Node Module Of The Week - json-server
- ng-admin: Add an AngularJS admin GUI to any RESTful API
- Fast prototyping using Restangular and Json-server
- Create a Mock REST API in Seconds for Prototyping your Frontend
- No API? No Problem! Rapid Development via Mock APIs
- Zero Code REST With json-server
Third-party tools
License
麻省理工学院
支持者 ✨
JSON Server
Get a full fake REST API with zero coding in less than 30 seconds (seriously)
Created with <3 for front-end developers who need a quick back-end for prototyping and mocking.
- Egghead.io free video tutorial - Creating demo APIs with json-server
- JSONPlaceholder - Live running version
- My JSON Server - no installation required, use your own data
See also:
- :dog: husky - Git hooks made easy
- :hotel: hotel - developer tool with local .localhost domain and https out of the box
Gold sponsors ????
Bronze sponsors ????
Become a sponsor and have your company logo here
Table of contents
- Getting started
- Routes
- Plural routes
- Singular routes
- Filter
- Paginate
- Sort
- Slice
- Operators
- Full-text search
- Relationships
- Database
- Homepage
- Extras
- Static file server
- Alternative port
- Access from anywhere
- Remote schema
- Generate random data
- HTTPS
- Add custom routes
- Add middlewares
- CLI usage
- Module
- Deployment
- Links
- Video
- Articles
- Third-party tools
- License
Getting started
Install JSON Server
npm install -g json-server
Create a db.json
file with some data
{
"posts": [
{ "id": 1, "title": "json-server", "author": "typicode" }
],
"comments": [
{ "id": 1, "body": "some comment", "postId": 1 }
],
"profile": { "name": "typicode" }
}
Start JSON Server
json-server --watch db.json
Now if you go to http://localhost:3000/posts/1, you'll get
{ "id": 1, "title": "json-server", "author": "typicode" }
Also when doing requests, it's good to know that:
- If you make POST, PUT, PATCH or DELETE requests, changes will be automatically and safely saved to
db.json
using lowdb. - Your request body JSON should be object enclosed, just like the GET output. (for example
{"name": "Foobar"}
) - Id values are not mutable. Any
id
value in the body of your PUT or PATCH request will be ignored. Only a value set in a POST request will be respected, but only if not already taken. - A POST, PUT or PATCH request should include a
Content-Type: application/json
header to use the JSON in the request body. Otherwise it will return a 2XX status code, but without changes being made to the data.
Routes
Based on the previous db.json
file, here are all the default routes. You can also add other routes using --routes
.
Plural routes
GET /posts
GET /posts/1
POST /posts
PUT /posts/1
PATCH /posts/1
DELETE /posts/1
Singular routes
GET /profile
POST /profile
PUT /profile
PATCH /profile
Filter
Use .
to access deep properties
GET /posts?title=json-server&author=typicode
GET /posts?id=1&id=2
GET /comments?author.name=typicode
Paginate
Use _page
and optionally _limit
to paginate returned data.
In the Link
header you'll get first
, prev
, next
and last
links.
GET /posts?_page=7
GET /posts?_page=7&_limit=20
10 items are returned by default
Sort
Add _sort
and _order
(ascending order by default)
GET /posts?_sort=views&_order=asc
GET /posts/1/comments?_sort=votes&_order=asc
For multiple fields, use the following format:
GET /posts?_sort=user,views&_order=desc,asc
Slice
Add _start
and _end
or _limit
(an X-Total-Count
header is included in the response)
GET /posts?_start=20&_end=30
GET /posts/1/comments?_start=20&_end=30
GET /posts/1/comments?_start=20&_limit=10
Works exactly as Array.slice (i.e. _start
is inclusive and _end
exclusive)
Operators
Add _gte
or _lte
for getting a range
GET /posts?views_gte=10&views_lte=20
Add _ne
to exclude a value
GET /posts?id_ne=1
Add _like
to filter (RegExp supported)
GET /posts?title_like=server
Full-text search
Add q
GET /posts?q=internet
Relationships
To include children resources, add _embed
GET /posts?_embed=comments
GET /posts/1?_embed=comments
To include parent resource, add _expand
GET /comments?_expand=post
GET /comments/1?_expand=post
To get or create nested resources (by default one level, add custom routes for more)
GET /posts/1/comments
POST /posts/1/comments
Database
GET /db
Homepage
Returns default index file or serves ./public
directory
GET /
Extras
Static file server
You can use JSON Server to serve your HTML, JS and CSS, simply create a ./public
directory or use --static
to set a different static files directory.
mkdir public
echo 'hello world' > public/index.html
json-server db.json
json-server db.json --static ./some-other-dir
Alternative port
You can start JSON Server on other ports with the --port
flag:
$ json-server --watch db.json --port 3004
Access from anywhere
You can access your fake API from anywhere using CORS and JSONP.
Remote schema
You can load remote schemas.
$ json-server http://example.com/file.json
$ json-server http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/db
Generate random data
Using JS instead of a JSON file, you can create data programmatically.
// index.js
module.exports = () => {
const data = { users: [] }
// Create 1000 users
for (let i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
data.users.push({ id: i, name: `user${i}` })
}
return data
}
$ json-server index.js
Tip use modules like Faker, Casual, Chance or JSON Schema Faker.
HTTPS
There are many ways to set up SSL in development. One simple way is to use hotel.
Add custom routes
Create a routes.json
file. Pay attention to start every route with /
.
{
"/api/*": "/$1",
"/:resource/:id/show": "/:resource/:id",
"/posts/:category": "/posts?category=:category",
"/articles\\?id=:id": "/posts/:id"
}
Start JSON Server with --routes
option.
json-server db.json --routes routes.json
Now you can access resources using additional routes.
/api/posts # → /posts
/api/posts/1 # → /posts/1
/posts/1/show # → /posts/1
/posts/javascript # → /posts?category=javascript
/articles?id=1 # → /posts/1
Add middlewares
You can add your middlewares from the CLI using --middlewares
option:
// hello.js
module.exports = (req, res, next) => {
res.header('X-Hello', 'World')
next()
}
json-server db.json --middlewares ./hello.js
json-server db.json --middlewares ./first.js ./second.js
CLI usage
json-server [options] <source>
Options:
--config, -c Path to config file [default: "json-server.json"]
--port, -p Set port [default: 3000]
--host, -H Set host [default: "localhost"]
--watch, -w Watch file(s) [boolean]
--routes, -r Path to routes file
--middlewares, -m Paths to middleware files [array]
--static, -s Set static files directory
--read-only, --ro Allow only GET requests [boolean]
--no-cors, --nc Disable Cross-Origin Resource Sharing [boolean]
--no-gzip, --ng Disable GZIP Content-Encoding [boolean]
--snapshots, -S Set snapshots directory [default: "."]
--delay, -d Add delay to responses (ms)
--id, -i Set database id property (e.g. _id) [default: "id"]
--foreignKeySuffix, --fks Set foreign key suffix, (e.g. _id as in post_id)
[default: "Id"]
--quiet, -q Suppress log messages from output [boolean]
--help, -h Show help [boolean]
--version, -v Show version number [boolean]
Examples:
json-server db.json
json-server file.js
json-server http://example.com/db.json
https://github.com/typicode/json-server
You can also set options in a json-server.json
configuration file.
{
"port": 3000
}
Module
If you need to add authentication, validation, or any behavior, you can use the project as a module in combination with other Express middlewares.
Simple example
$ npm install json-server --save-dev
// server.js
const jsonServer = require('json-server')
const server = jsonServer.create()
const router = jsonServer.router('db.json')
const middlewares = jsonServer.defaults()
server.use(middlewares)
server.use(router)
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('JSON Server is running')
})
$ node server.js
The path you provide to the jsonServer.router
function is relative to the directory from where you launch your node process. If you run the above code from another directory, it’s better to use an absolute path:
const path = require('path')
const router = jsonServer.router(path.join(__dirname, 'db.json'))
For an in-memory database, simply pass an object to jsonServer.router()
.
Please note also that jsonServer.router()
can be used in existing Express projects.
Custom routes example
Let's say you want a route that echoes query parameters and another one that set a timestamp on every resource created.
const jsonServer = require('json-server')
const server = jsonServer.create()
const router = jsonServer.router('db.json')
const middlewares = jsonServer.defaults()
// Set default middlewares (logger, static, cors and no-cache)
server.use(middlewares)
// Add custom routes before JSON Server router
server.get('/echo', (req, res) => {
res.jsonp(req.query)
})
// To handle POST, PUT and PATCH you need to use a body-parser
// You can use the one used by JSON Server
server.use(jsonServer.bodyParser)
server.use((req, res, next) => {
if (req.method === 'POST') {
req.body.createdAt = Date.now()
}
// Continue to JSON Server router
next()
})
// Use default router
server.use(router)
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('JSON Server is running')
})
Access control example
const jsonServer = require('json-server')
const server = jsonServer.create()
const router = jsonServer.router('db.json')
const middlewares = jsonServer.defaults()
server.use(middlewares)
server.use((req, res, next) => {
if (isAuthorized(req)) { // add your authorization logic here
next() // continue to JSON Server router
} else {
res.sendStatus(401)
}
})
server.use(router)
server.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('JSON Server is running')
})
Custom output example
To modify responses, overwrite router.render
method:
// In this example, returned resources will be wrapped in a body property
router.render = (req, res) => {
res.jsonp({
body: res.locals.data
})
}
You can set your own status code for the response:
// In this example we simulate a server side error response
router.render = (req, res) => {
res.status(500).jsonp({
error: "error message here"
})
}
Rewriter example
To add rewrite rules, use jsonServer.rewriter()
:
// Add this before server.use(router)
server.use(jsonServer.rewriter({
'/api/*': '/$1',
'/blog/:resource/:id/show': '/:resource/:id'
}))
Mounting JSON Server on another endpoint example
Alternatively, you can also mount the router on /api
.
server.use('/api', router)
API
jsonServer.create()
Returns an Express server.
jsonServer.defaults([options])
Returns middlewares used by JSON Server.
- options
static
path to static fileslogger
enable logger middleware (default: true)bodyParser
enable body-parser middleware (default: true)noCors
disable CORS (default: false)readOnly
accept only GET requests (default: false)
jsonServer.router([path|object])
Returns JSON Server router.
Deployment
You can deploy JSON Server. For example, JSONPlaceholder is an online fake API powered by JSON Server and running on Heroku.
Links
Video
Articles
- Node Module Of The Week - json-server
- ng-admin: Add an AngularJS admin GUI to any RESTful API
- Fast prototyping using Restangular and Json-server
- Create a Mock REST API in Seconds for Prototyping your Frontend
- No API? No Problem! Rapid Development via Mock APIs
- Zero Code REST With json-server
Third-party tools
License
MIT
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