@0xcda7a/path-to-regexp-es6 中文文档教程

发布于 7年前 浏览 26 项目主页 更新于 3年前

Path-to-RegExp

将 Express 样式的路径字符串(例如 /user/:name)转换为正则表达式。

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Installation

npm install path-to-regexp --save

Usage

var pathToRegexp = require('path-to-regexp')

// pathToRegexp(path, keys, options)
// pathToRegexp.parse(path)
// pathToRegexp.compile(path)
  • path An Express-style string, an array of strings, or a regular expression.
  • keys An array to be populated with the keys found in the path.
  • options
  • sensitive When true the route will be case sensitive. (default: false)
  • strict When false the trailing slash is optional. (default: false)
  • end When false the path will match at the beginning. (default: true)
  • delimiter Set the default delimiter for repeat parameters. (default: '/')
var keys = []
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]

请注意: path-to-regexp 返回的 RegExp 用于带有路径名或主机名。 它不能处理查询字符串或 URL 片段。

Parameters

路径字符串可用于定义参数和填充键。

Named Parameters

命名参数是通过在参数名称前加一个冒号 (:foo) 来定义的。 默认情况下,该参数将匹配到以下路径段。

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'bar', prefix: '/', ... }]

re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']

请注意:命名参数必须由“单词字符”组成([A-Za-z0-9_])。

var re = pathToRegexp('/(apple-)?icon-:res(\\d+).png', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 0, prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'res', prefix: '', ... }]

re.exec('/icon-76.png')
//=> ['/icon-76.png', undefined, '76']

Modified Parameters

Optional

可以在参数后加上问号 (?) 使参数可选。 这也将使前缀成为可选的。

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar?', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 'bar', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: false }]

re.exec('/test')
//=> ['/test', 'test', undefined]

re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test', 'test', 'route']
Zero or more

参数可以以星号 (*) 为后缀,以表示零个或多个参数匹配。 每个匹配项都会考虑前缀。

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo*', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: true }]

re.exec('/')
//=> ['/', undefined]

re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
One or more

参数可以以加号 (+) 为后缀,以表示一个或多个参数匹配。 每个匹配项都会考虑前缀。

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo+', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: true }]

re.exec('/')
//=> null

re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']

Custom Match Parameters

可以为所有参数提供一个自定义正则表达式,它会覆盖默认值 ([^\/]+)。

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo(\\d+)', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }]

re.exec('/123')
//=> ['/123', '123']

re.exec('/abc')
//=> null

请注意:反斜杠需要用字符串中的另一个反斜杠进行转义。

Unnamed Parameters

可以编写仅由匹配组组成的未命名参数。 它与命名参数的工作方式相同,只是它将被数字索引。

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/(.*)', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 0, ... }]

re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']

Asterisk

星号可用于匹配所有内容。 相当于(.*)的未命名匹配组。

var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/*', keys)
// keys = [{ name: '0', ... }]

re.exec('/foo/bar/baz')
//=> ['/foo/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']

Parse

解析函数通过 pathToRegexp.parse 公开。 这将返回一个字符串和键数组。

var tokens = pathToRegexp.parse('/route/:foo/(.*)')

console.log(tokens[0])
//=> "/route"

console.log(tokens[1])
//=> { name: 'foo', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }

console.log(tokens[2])
//=> { name: 0, prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '.*' }

注意:此方法仅适用于 Express 风格的字符串。

Compile ("Reverse" Path-To-RegExp)

Path-To-RegExp 公开了一个编译函数,用于将 Express 样式的路径转换为有效路径。

var toPath = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id')

toPath({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPath({ id: 'café' }) //=> "/user/caf%C3%A9"
toPath({ id: '/' }) //=> "/user/%2F"

toPath({ id: ':' }) //=> "/user/%3A"
toPath({ id: ':' }, { pretty: true }) //=> "/user/:"

var toPathRepeated = pathToRegexp.compile('/:segment+')

toPathRepeated({ segment: 'foo' }) //=> "/foo"
toPathRepeated({ segment: ['a', 'b', 'c'] }) //=> "/a/b/c"

var toPathRegexp = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id(\\d+)')

toPathRegexp({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: '123' }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: 'abc' }) //=> Throws `TypeError`.

注意:生成的函数将抛出无效输入。 它将进行所有必要的检查以确保生成的路径有效。 此方法仅适用于字符串。

Working with Tokens

Path-To-RegExp 公开了内部使用的两个接受令牌数组的函数。

  • pathToRegexp.tokensToRegExp(tokens, options) Transform an array of tokens into a matching regular expression.
  • pathToRegexp.tokensToFunction(tokens) Transform an array of tokens into a path generator function.

Token Information

  • name The name of the token (string for named or number for index)
  • prefix The prefix character for the segment (/ or .)
  • delimiter The delimiter for the segment (same as prefix or /)
  • optional Indicates the token is optional (boolean)
  • repeat Indicates the token is repeated (boolean)
  • partial Indicates this token is a partial path segment (boolean)
  • pattern The RegExp used to match this token (string)
  • asterisk Indicates the token is an * match (boolean)

Compatibility with Express <= 4.x

Path-To-RegExp 打破了与 Express <= 4.x

  • No longer a direct conversion to a RegExp with sugar on top - it's a path matcher with named and unnamed matching groups
  • It's unlikely you previously abused this feature, it's rare and you could always use a RegExp instead
  • All matching RegExp special characters can be used in a matching group. E.g. /:user(.*)
  • Other RegExp features are not support - no nested matching groups, non-capturing groups or look aheads
  • Parameters have suffixes that augment meaning - *, + and ?. E.g. /:user*

TypeScript

的兼容性:包括 .d.ts TypeScript 用户的文件。

Live Demo

您可以在 express-route-tester 查看该库的现场演示。

License

麻省理工学院

Path-to-RegExp

Turn an Express-style path string such as /user/:name into a regular expression.

NPM versionBuild statusTest coverageDependency StatusLicenseDownloads

Installation

npm install path-to-regexp --save

Usage

var pathToRegexp = require('path-to-regexp')

// pathToRegexp(path, keys, options)
// pathToRegexp.parse(path)
// pathToRegexp.compile(path)
  • path An Express-style string, an array of strings, or a regular expression.
  • keys An array to be populated with the keys found in the path.
  • options
  • sensitive When true the route will be case sensitive. (default: false)
  • strict When false the trailing slash is optional. (default: false)
  • end When false the path will match at the beginning. (default: true)
  • delimiter Set the default delimiter for repeat parameters. (default: '/')
var keys = []
var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/:bar', keys)
// re = /^\/foo\/([^\/]+?)\/?$/i
// keys = [{ name: 'bar', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }]

Please note: The RegExp returned by path-to-regexp is intended for use with pathnames or hostnames. It can not handle the query strings or fragments of a URL.

Parameters

The path string can be used to define parameters and populate the keys.

Named Parameters

Named parameters are defined by prefixing a colon to the parameter name (:foo). By default, the parameter will match until the following path segment.

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'bar', prefix: '/', ... }]

re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']

Please note: Named parameters must be made up of "word characters" ([A-Za-z0-9_]).

var re = pathToRegexp('/(apple-)?icon-:res(\\d+).png', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 0, prefix: '/', ... }, { name: 'res', prefix: '', ... }]

re.exec('/icon-76.png')
//=> ['/icon-76.png', undefined, '76']

Modified Parameters

Optional

Parameters can be suffixed with a question mark (?) to make the parameter optional. This will also make the prefix optional.

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/:bar?', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 'bar', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: false }]

re.exec('/test')
//=> ['/test', 'test', undefined]

re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test', 'test', 'route']
Zero or more

Parameters can be suffixed with an asterisk (*) to denote a zero or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo*', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: true, repeat: true }]

re.exec('/')
//=> ['/', undefined]

re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']
One or more

Parameters can be suffixed with a plus sign (+) to denote a one or more parameter matches. The prefix is taken into account for each match.

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo+', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: true }]

re.exec('/')
//=> null

re.exec('/bar/baz')
//=> ['/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']

Custom Match Parameters

All parameters can be provided a custom regexp, which overrides the default ([^\/]+).

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo(\\d+)', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }]

re.exec('/123')
//=> ['/123', '123']

re.exec('/abc')
//=> null

Please note: Backslashes need to be escaped with another backslash in strings.

Unnamed Parameters

It is possible to write an unnamed parameter that only consists of a matching group. It works the same as a named parameter, except it will be numerically indexed.

var re = pathToRegexp('/:foo/(.*)', keys)
// keys = [{ name: 'foo', ... }, { name: 0, ... }]

re.exec('/test/route')
//=> ['/test/route', 'test', 'route']

Asterisk

An asterisk can be used for matching everything. It is equivalent to an unnamed matching group of (.*).

var re = pathToRegexp('/foo/*', keys)
// keys = [{ name: '0', ... }]

re.exec('/foo/bar/baz')
//=> ['/foo/bar/baz', 'bar/baz']

Parse

The parse function is exposed via pathToRegexp.parse. This will return an array of strings and keys.

var tokens = pathToRegexp.parse('/route/:foo/(.*)')

console.log(tokens[0])
//=> "/route"

console.log(tokens[1])
//=> { name: 'foo', prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '[^\\/]+?' }

console.log(tokens[2])
//=> { name: 0, prefix: '/', delimiter: '/', optional: false, repeat: false, pattern: '.*' }

Note: This method only works with Express-style strings.

Compile ("Reverse" Path-To-RegExp)

Path-To-RegExp exposes a compile function for transforming an Express-style path into a valid path.

var toPath = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id')

toPath({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPath({ id: 'café' }) //=> "/user/caf%C3%A9"
toPath({ id: '/' }) //=> "/user/%2F"

toPath({ id: ':' }) //=> "/user/%3A"
toPath({ id: ':' }, { pretty: true }) //=> "/user/:"

var toPathRepeated = pathToRegexp.compile('/:segment+')

toPathRepeated({ segment: 'foo' }) //=> "/foo"
toPathRepeated({ segment: ['a', 'b', 'c'] }) //=> "/a/b/c"

var toPathRegexp = pathToRegexp.compile('/user/:id(\\d+)')

toPathRegexp({ id: 123 }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: '123' }) //=> "/user/123"
toPathRegexp({ id: 'abc' }) //=> Throws `TypeError`.

Note: The generated function will throw on invalid input. It will do all necessary checks to ensure the generated path is valid. This method only works with strings.

Working with Tokens

Path-To-RegExp exposes the two functions used internally that accept an array of tokens.

  • pathToRegexp.tokensToRegExp(tokens, options) Transform an array of tokens into a matching regular expression.
  • pathToRegexp.tokensToFunction(tokens) Transform an array of tokens into a path generator function.

Token Information

  • name The name of the token (string for named or number for index)
  • prefix The prefix character for the segment (/ or .)
  • delimiter The delimiter for the segment (same as prefix or /)
  • optional Indicates the token is optional (boolean)
  • repeat Indicates the token is repeated (boolean)
  • partial Indicates this token is a partial path segment (boolean)
  • pattern The RegExp used to match this token (string)
  • asterisk Indicates the token is an * match (boolean)

Compatibility with Express <= 4.x

Path-To-RegExp breaks compatibility with Express <= 4.x:

  • No longer a direct conversion to a RegExp with sugar on top - it's a path matcher with named and unnamed matching groups
  • It's unlikely you previously abused this feature, it's rare and you could always use a RegExp instead
  • All matching RegExp special characters can be used in a matching group. E.g. /:user(.*)
  • Other RegExp features are not support - no nested matching groups, non-capturing groups or look aheads
  • Parameters have suffixes that augment meaning - *, + and ?. E.g. /:user*

TypeScript

Includes a .d.ts file for TypeScript users.

Live Demo

You can see a live demo of this library in use at express-route-tester.

License

MIT

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