使用Lambdify时Quad的问题
我正在尝试解决这两个积分,我想使用一种数值方法,因为C_I最终会变得更加复杂,并且我想在所有情况下使用它。当前,C_I只是一个常数,因此_Fequad无法解决它。我之所以假设是因为它是一个重物功能,并且在找到a,b的情况下遇到困难。如果我错误地接近这个问题,请纠正我。
等式33
In [1]: import numpy as np
...: import scipy as sp
...: import sympy as smp
...: from sympy import DiracDelta
...: from sympy import Heaviside
In [2]: C_i = smp.Function('C_i')
In [3]: t, t0, x, v = smp.symbols('t, t0, x, v', positive=True)
In [4]: tot_l = 10
In [5]: C_fm = (1/tot_l)*v*smp.Integral(C_i(t0), (t0, (-x/v)+t, t))
In [6]: C_fm.doit()
Out[6]:
0.1*v*Integral(C_i(t0), (t0, t - x/v, t))
In [7]: C_fm.doit().simplify()
Out[7]:
0.1*v*Integral(C_i(t0), (t0, t - x/v, t))
In [8]: C_fms = C_fm.doit().simplify()
In [9]: t_arr = np.arange(0,1000,1)
In [10]: f_mean = smp.lambdify((x, v, t), C_fms, ['scipy', {'C_i': lambda e: 0.8}])
In [11]: try2 = f_mean(10, 0.1, t_arr)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/folders/rd/wzfh_5h110l121rmlxn61v440000gn/T/ipykernel_3164/3786931540.py", line 1, in <module>
try2 = f_mean(10, 0.1, t_arr)
File "<lambdifygenerated-1>", line 2, in _lambdifygenerated
return 0.1*v*quad(lambda t0: C_i(t0), t - x/v, t)[0]
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 348, in quad
flip, a, b = b < a, min(a, b), max(a, b)
ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()
等式34
In [12]: C_i = smp.Function('C_i')
In [13]: t, tao, x, v = smp.symbols('t, tao, x, v', positive=True)
In [14]: I2 = v*smp.Integral((C_i(t-tao))**2, (tao, 0, t))
In [15]: I2.doit()
Out[15]:
v*Integral(C_i(t - tao)**2, (tao, 0, t))
In [16]: I2.doit().simplify()
Out[16]:
v*Integral(C_i(t - tao)**2, (tao, 0, t))
In [17]: I2_s = I2.doit().simplify()
In [18]: tao_arr = np.arange(0,1000,1)
In [19]: I2_sf = smp.lambdify((v, tao), I2_s, ['scipy', {'C_i': lambda e: 0.8}])
In [20]: try2 = I2_sf(0.1, tao_arr)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/folders/rd/wzfh_5h110l121rmlxn61v440000gn/T/ipykernel_3164/4262383171.py", line 1, in <module>
try2 = I2_sf(0.1, tao_arr)
File "<lambdifygenerated-2>", line 2, in _lambdifygenerated
return v*quad(lambda tao: C_i(t - tao)**2, 0, t)[0]
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 351, in quad
retval = _quad(func, a, b, args, full_output, epsabs, epsrel, limit,
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 463, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sympy/core/expr.py", line 345, in __float__
raise TypeError("Cannot convert expression to float")
TypeError: Cannot convert expression to float
I'm trying to solve these two integrals, I want to use a numerical approach because C_i will eventually become more complicated and I want to use it for all cases. Currently, C_i is just a constant so _quad is not able to solve it. I'm assuming because it is a Heaviside function and it is having trouble finding the a,b. Please correct me if I'm approaching this wrongly.
Equation 33
In [1]: import numpy as np
...: import scipy as sp
...: import sympy as smp
...: from sympy import DiracDelta
...: from sympy import Heaviside
In [2]: C_i = smp.Function('C_i')
In [3]: t, t0, x, v = smp.symbols('t, t0, x, v', positive=True)
In [4]: tot_l = 10
In [5]: C_fm = (1/tot_l)*v*smp.Integral(C_i(t0), (t0, (-x/v)+t, t))
In [6]: C_fm.doit()
Out[6]:
0.1*v*Integral(C_i(t0), (t0, t - x/v, t))
In [7]: C_fm.doit().simplify()
Out[7]:
0.1*v*Integral(C_i(t0), (t0, t - x/v, t))
In [8]: C_fms = C_fm.doit().simplify()
In [9]: t_arr = np.arange(0,1000,1)
In [10]: f_mean = smp.lambdify((x, v, t), C_fms, ['scipy', {'C_i': lambda e: 0.8}])
In [11]: try2 = f_mean(10, 0.1, t_arr)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/folders/rd/wzfh_5h110l121rmlxn61v440000gn/T/ipykernel_3164/3786931540.py", line 1, in <module>
try2 = f_mean(10, 0.1, t_arr)
File "<lambdifygenerated-1>", line 2, in _lambdifygenerated
return 0.1*v*quad(lambda t0: C_i(t0), t - x/v, t)[0]
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 348, in quad
flip, a, b = b < a, min(a, b), max(a, b)
ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()
Equation 34
In [12]: C_i = smp.Function('C_i')
In [13]: t, tao, x, v = smp.symbols('t, tao, x, v', positive=True)
In [14]: I2 = v*smp.Integral((C_i(t-tao))**2, (tao, 0, t))
In [15]: I2.doit()
Out[15]:
v*Integral(C_i(t - tao)**2, (tao, 0, t))
In [16]: I2.doit().simplify()
Out[16]:
v*Integral(C_i(t - tao)**2, (tao, 0, t))
In [17]: I2_s = I2.doit().simplify()
In [18]: tao_arr = np.arange(0,1000,1)
In [19]: I2_sf = smp.lambdify((v, tao), I2_s, ['scipy', {'C_i': lambda e: 0.8}])
In [20]: try2 = I2_sf(0.1, tao_arr)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/var/folders/rd/wzfh_5h110l121rmlxn61v440000gn/T/ipykernel_3164/4262383171.py", line 1, in <module>
try2 = I2_sf(0.1, tao_arr)
File "<lambdifygenerated-2>", line 2, in _lambdifygenerated
return v*quad(lambda tao: C_i(t - tao)**2, 0, t)[0]
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 351, in quad
retval = _quad(func, a, b, args, full_output, epsabs, epsrel, limit,
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/scipy/integrate/quadpack.py", line 463, in _quad
return _quadpack._qagse(func,a,b,args,full_output,epsabs,epsrel,limit)
File "/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sympy/core/expr.py", line 345, in __float__
raise TypeError("Cannot convert expression to float")
TypeError: Cannot convert expression to float
如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。

绑定邮箱获取回复消息
由于您还没有绑定你的真实邮箱,如果其他用户或者作者回复了您的评论,将不能在第一时间通知您!
发布评论
评论(1)
因此,您将一个未评估的
集成
传递给lambdify
,然后将其转化为scipy.integrate.quad
。看起来即使使用
doit
和简化
呼叫也无法评估积分。您是否真的查看了c_fms
和i2_s
?这是运行此代码时我要做的第一件事!我从未看过这种方法。我已经看到人们
lambdify
目标表达式,然后尝试直接在Quad
中使用它。Quad
具有特定的要求(检查文档!)。目标函数必须返回一个数字,并且边界也必须是数字。在第一个错误中,您将数组
t_arr
作为t
绑定,并且在检查何处大于大于何处时,它就会获得常规歧义>另一个绑定,
0
。那就是b&lt;
测试。Quad
不能将数组用作边界。我不确定为什么第二种情况会避免此问题 - 界限必须来自其他地方。但是,当
Quad
调用目标函数时,错误会出现,并期望float返回。而是该功能返回sympy
表达式sympy
无法转换为float。我的猜测表达式中仍然有一些变量,这些变量仍然是sympy.symbol
。在诊断
lambdify
问题时,查看生成的代码是一个好主意。一种方法是在功能上使用help
,help(i2_sf)
。但是,您需要能够读取和理解Python,包括任何numpy
和scipy
函数。这并不总是那么容易。您是否尝试过使用
Sympy的
自己的数字积分器?尝试组合sympy
和numpy/scipy
通常会出现问题。So you are passing an unevaluated
Integrate
tolambdify
, which in turn translates it call toscipy.integrate.quad
.Looks like the integrals can't be evaluated even with
doit
andsimplify
calls. Have you actually looked atC_fms
andI2_s
? That's one of the first things I'd do when running this code!I've never looked at this approach. I have seen people
lambdify
the objective expression, and then try to use that inquad
directly.quad
has specific requirements (check the docs!). The objective function must return a single number, and the bounds must also be numbers.In the first error, you are passing array
t_arr
as thet
bound, and it got the usualambiguity
error when checking where it is bigger than the other bound,0
. That's thatb < a
test.quad
cannot use arrays as bounds.I not sure why the second case gets avoids this problem - bounds must be coming from somewhere else. But the error comes when
quad
calls the objective function, and expects a float return. Instead the function returns asympy
expression whichsympy
can't convert to float. My guess there's some variable in the expression that's still asympy.symbol
.In diagnosing
lambdify
problems, it's a good idea to look at the generated code. One way is withhelp
on the function,help(I2_sf)
. But with that you need to be able to read and understand python, including anynumpy
andscipy
functions. That's not always easy.Have you tried to use
sympy's
own numeric integrator? Trying to combinesympy
andnumpy/scipy
often has problems.