Selenium web driverexception：未知错误：Chrome无法启动：异常退出

Question

我确实有一个WebJob（在Docker Ubuntu上运行）可以打开一个URL，并使用Selenium和Chromedriver获取HTML结果（字符串）。它在我的开发机（Windows 10）中运行良好，但是当涉及Linux Ubuntu 20时，它不起作用。我已经尝试了几种配置，并且我在网络周围看到了几种配置，但是我曾经曾经是Linux。错误消息是：

OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriverException: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited abnormally.
(chrome not reachable)
(The process started from chrome location /driver/ is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)

这是我的Dockerfile的运行部分：

# run
FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:6.0-focal-amd64 as runtime

RUN apt update && apt install -y sudo unzip
RUN sudo apt install -y wget

RUN wget https://github.com/wkhtmltopdf/packaging/releases/download/0.12.6-1/wkhtmltox_0.12.6-1.focal_amd64.deb
RUN sudo apt install -y ./wkhtmltox_0.12.6-1.focal_amd64.deb
RUN sudo apt install -y ttf-mscorefonts-installer

RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
RUN sudo apt install -y ./google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

RUN mkdir driver
RUN mkdir userprofile
RUN wget -q --continue -P driver https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/103.0.5060.53/chromedriver_linux64.zip
RUN unzip ./driver/chromedriver* -d ./driver
ENV PATH=$PATH:/driver

WORKDIR /app

COPY --from=build /app/src/WebJobPDF/publish ./

ENTRYPOINT ["./WebJobPDF"]

这是我的C＃代码：

      ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
      options.BinaryLocation = (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux) ? "/driver/" : null);
      options.AddArgument("--headless");

      if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
      {
        options.AddArgument("--no-sandbox");
        options.AddArgument("--user-data-dir=/userprofile");
        options.AddArgument("--disable-setuid-sandbox");
        options.AddArgument("--remote-debugging-port=9222");
        options.AddArgument("--disable-dev-shm-usage");
        options.AddArgument("--disable-gpu");
      }

      using (var driver = new ChromeDriver(options))
      {
        driver.Manage().Window.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1920, 1080);
        driver.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
        driver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);
        Int64 pageHeight = (Int64)driver.ExecuteScript("return document.body.scrollHeight");

        for (int i = 0; i < pageHeight; i += 100)
        {
          driver.ExecuteScript($"window.scrollBy(0, 100)");
        }

        driver.ExecuteScript($"document.getElementsByTagName('header')[0].remove();");
        await Task.Delay(2000);
        driver.ExecuteScript($"document.getElementsByTagName('footer')[0].remove();");
        await Task.Delay(2000);
        driver.ExecuteScript(@"document.querySelectorAll(""button[aria-label='Gerar PDF']"")[0].remove();");
        await Task.Delay(2000);
        driver.ExecuteScript(@"document.querySelectorAll(""div[role='alert']"")[0].remove();");

        result = driver.PageSource;
      }

您是否对Ubuntu上缺少的内容有一个想法？

Answer 1

在Linux上运行时，我使用Firefox（Geckodriver）使其正常工作：

if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux))
      {
        FirefoxOptions optionsFF = new FirefoxOptions();
        optionsFF.AddArgument("--headless");

        using (var driverff = new FirefoxDriver("/usr/bin", optionsFF))
        {
          driverff.Manage().Window.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1920, 1080);
          driverff.Navigate().GoToUrl(url);
          driverff.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(15);
          Int64 pageHeight = (Int64)driverff.ExecuteScript("return document.body.scrollHeight");

          for (int i = 0; i < pageHeight; i += 100)
          {
            driverff.ExecuteScript($"window.scrollBy(0, 100)");
          }
          driverff.ExecuteScript(@"document.querySelectorAll(""div[role='alert']"")[0].remove();");

          result = driverff.PageSource;
        }

在Windows Chromedriver上运行时工作正常。

现在唯一的问题是WKHTMLTOPDF似乎在HTTPS图像中不起作用。我仍然没有解决方案。