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如何在运行时间链接ELF文件中的数据以显示？ STM32

发布于 2025-02-12 17:52:55 字数 5343 浏览 0 评论 0原文

试图在运行时出现我的FW版本。

我尝试使用该示例 gcc有任何选择在精灵二进制文件中添加版本信息？ 但是没有运气。这是我到目前为止所拥有的。

使用STM32L462（MACOS）上的STM32L462

在源文件中

static uint32_t git_commit __attribute__((section(".gitcommit"))) = 0xffffffff;
static uint32_t version_number __attribute__((section(".version"))) =
    0xffffffff;

：在我的应用程序文件夹中，我有一个version_number.txt，其中包含版本号（现在为1.0.0），

一旦代码成功地汇总，一个Python脚本运行，该脚本运行，该脚本从version_number.txt和git提交的哈希（Hash of the git commit），并使用objcopy将它们放入精灵部分。

"""This script get git commit and version number and push it to STM32 elf and bin
    file into specific section"""
import sys
import subprocess
import os
import binascii
import struct
import platform

def write_to_file_binary(file_name, data):
    """write data to binary file"""
    with open(file_name, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        data = binascii.unhexlify("0" + data)
        file_obj.write(data)

def get_git_revision_short_hash(dir_path):
    """get git commit number"""
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], cwd=dir_path)

def write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, file_path):
    """write version major minor patch commit to binary file"""
    version_major = version_array[0]
    version_minor = version_array[1]
    version_patch = version_array[2]
    with open(file_path, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_major)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_minor)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("H", int(version_patch)))

def main(args):
    """This script connects to git and get the commit number of the project and write it
    to commit_number_file.txt,

    Then get the project version number from version_number.txt.

    Write binary to temp.txt file the version number and git commit number.

    Access to elf file and push git commit to .gitcommit and git version to .version section.

    Change the bin file.

    Change bin file name to contains version number and git commit number.
    """
    path_name = args[1]
    project_name = os.path.split(path_name)[-1]
    print("project name:" + project_name)
    debug_path_in_project = path_name + "/Debug"
    git_commit_number = get_git_revision_short_hash(path_name)[:-1].decode()
    commit_file_name = "commit_number_file.txt"
    commit_file_path = debug_path_in_project + "/" + commit_file_name
    write_to_file_binary(commit_file_path, git_commit_number)
    version_array = open(path_name + "/version_number.txt", "r").readline().split('.')
    version_file_temp = debug_path_in_project + "/temp.txt"
    print(version_file_temp)
    write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, version_file_temp)
    version = version_array[0] + '.' + version_array[1] + '.' + version_array[2] + \
        '.' + git_commit_number
    print("version: " + version)
    if(platform.system() == 'Darwin'):
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        print("out1:" ,out)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        print("out2:" ,out)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        print("out3:" ,out)
    if(platform.system() == 'Windows'):
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
    list_of_files_in_directory = os.listdir(debug_path_in_project)
    for file_in_list in list_of_files_in_directory:
        if file_in_list != (project_name + '.bin'):
            if file_in_list.endswith('.bin') and file_in_list is not project_name + '.bin':
                os.remove(file_in_list)
    os.rename(project_name + '.bin', project_name + '_' + version  + '.bin')
    os.remove(version_file_temp)
    os.remove(commit_file_path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

脚本完成后，我可以运行

objdump -s -j .gitcommit /Users/path/to/elf/Application.elf
objdump -s -j .version /Users/path/to/elf/Application.elf

，并且输出将与git commit匹配以及在version_number.txt中列出的版本（更改TXT中的数字将更改OBJDUMP的输出）。

但是，在运行时，当我尝试获取version_number 或 git_commit的值时，我只会得到默认的垃圾值。

跑步：

      software_version.major = version_number;
  software_version.minor = version_number >> 8;
  software_version.patch = version_number >> 16;
  software_version.commit = SWAP32(git_commit);

不起作用。

欢迎任何想法！ 谢谢你！

原文

I am stuck trying to have my FW version show up at run-time.

I have tried using the example from
Does gcc have any options to add version info in ELF binary file?
But with no luck. Here is what i have so far.

Using STM32L462 on STM32CubeIDE (MacOS)

Inside source file:

static uint32_t git_commit __attribute__((section(".gitcommit"))) = 0xffffffff;
static uint32_t version_number __attribute__((section(".version"))) =
    0xffffffff;

Inside my Application folder, I have a version_number.txt which contains the version number (for now 1.0.0)

Once the code successfully compies, a python script runs which takes the version number from the version_number.txt and the hash of the git commit and places them inside the elf sections using objcopy.

"""This script get git commit and version number and push it to STM32 elf and bin
    file into specific section"""
import sys
import subprocess
import os
import binascii
import struct
import platform

def write_to_file_binary(file_name, data):
    """write data to binary file"""
    with open(file_name, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        data = binascii.unhexlify("0" + data)
        file_obj.write(data)

def get_git_revision_short_hash(dir_path):
    """get git commit number"""
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], cwd=dir_path)

def write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, file_path):
    """write version major minor patch commit to binary file"""
    version_major = version_array[0]
    version_minor = version_array[1]
    version_patch = version_array[2]
    with open(file_path, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_major)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_minor)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("H", int(version_patch)))

def main(args):
    """This script connects to git and get the commit number of the project and write it
    to commit_number_file.txt,

    Then get the project version number from version_number.txt.

    Write binary to temp.txt file the version number and git commit number.

    Access to elf file and push git commit to .gitcommit and git version to .version section.

    Change the bin file.

    Change bin file name to contains version number and git commit number.
    """
    path_name = args[1]
    project_name = os.path.split(path_name)[-1]
    print("project name:" + project_name)
    debug_path_in_project = path_name + "/Debug"
    git_commit_number = get_git_revision_short_hash(path_name)[:-1].decode()
    commit_file_name = "commit_number_file.txt"
    commit_file_path = debug_path_in_project + "/" + commit_file_name
    write_to_file_binary(commit_file_path, git_commit_number)
    version_array = open(path_name + "/version_number.txt", "r").readline().split('.')
    version_file_temp = debug_path_in_project + "/temp.txt"
    print(version_file_temp)
    write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, version_file_temp)
    version = version_array[0] + '.' + version_array[1] + '.' + version_array[2] + \
        '.' + git_commit_number
    print("version: " + version)
    if(platform.system() == 'Darwin'):
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        print("out1:" ,out)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        print("out2:" ,out)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        print("out3:" ,out)
    if(platform.system() == 'Windows'):
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
    list_of_files_in_directory = os.listdir(debug_path_in_project)
    for file_in_list in list_of_files_in_directory:
        if file_in_list != (project_name + '.bin'):
            if file_in_list.endswith('.bin') and file_in_list is not project_name + '.bin':
                os.remove(file_in_list)
    os.rename(project_name + '.bin', project_name + '_' + version  + '.bin')
    os.remove(version_file_temp)
    os.remove(commit_file_path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

Once the script finishes i can run

objdump -s -j .gitcommit /Users/path/to/elf/Application.elf
objdump -s -j .version /Users/path/to/elf/Application.elf

And the outputs will match the git commit and the version that is listed in the version_number.txt (changing the number in txt will change the output for objdump).

However, during run-time when I try to get the value of version_number or git_commit I get only default garbage values.

Running:

      software_version.major = version_number;
  software_version.minor = version_number >> 8;
  software_version.patch = version_number >> 16;
  software_version.commit = SWAP32(git_commit);

Does not work.

Any ideas are welcome!
Thank you!

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请叫√我孤独 2025-02-19 17:52:55

对于任何感兴趣的人，
将以下几行添加到STM32L4＆lt; .rodata（〜行74）和.arm.extab（〜行82）之间的x＆gt; _flash.ld正确地链接了.gitCommit和.version部分。

 .gitcommit :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit))         /* .gitcommit sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit*))        /* .gitcommit* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

    .version :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.version))         /* .version sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.version*))        /* .version* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

完整说明 - 如何在flash上​​保存版本编号和git提交（stm32）：

在应用程序文件夹中：

将版本编号保留在version_number.txt中
每个版本更新，更新文本文件。

在源文件中：
声明您的变量按如下（随意更改截面名称，但请务必与名称保持一致）

static uint32_t git_commit __attribute__((section(".gitcommit"))) = 0xffffffff;
static uint32_t version_number __attribute__((section(".version"))) =
    0xffffffff;

链接文件（stm32＆lt; mcu id＆gt; _flash.ld）：

将以下行插入以下行以 变量和它们需要保持的值（如上所述 - .rodata和.arm.Extab段之间）之间的链接

 .gitcommit :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit))         /* .gitcommit sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit*))        /* .gitcommit* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

    .version :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.version))         /* .version sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.version*))        /* .version* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

最终，在构建后运行， python脚本将version_number和git提交并插入适当的部分！

"""This script gets git commit and version number and push it to STM32 elf and bin
    file into specific section"""
import sys
import subprocess
import os
import binascii
import struct
import platform

def write_to_file_binary(file_name, data):
    """write data to binary file"""
    with open(file_name, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        data = binascii.unhexlify("0" + data)
        file_obj.write(data)

def get_git_revision_short_hash(dir_path):
    """get git commit number"""
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], cwd=dir_path)

def write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, file_path):
    """write version major minor patch commit to binary file"""
    version_major = version_array[0]
    version_minor = version_array[1]
    version_patch = version_array[2]
    with open(file_path, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_major)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_minor)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("H", int(version_patch)))

def main(args):
    """This script connects to git and gets the commit number of the project and writes it
    to commit_number_file.txt,

    Then get the project version number from version_number.txt.

    Write binary to temp.txt file the version number and git commit number.

    Access to elf file and push git commit to .gitcommit and git version to .version section.

    Change the bin file.

    Change the bin file name to contain the version number and git commit number.
    """
    path_name = args[1]
    project_name = os.path.split(path_name)[-1]
    print("project name:" + project_name)
    debug_path_in_project = path_name + "/Debug"
    git_commit_number = get_git_revision_short_hash(path_name)[:-1].decode()
    commit_file_name = "commit_number_file.txt"
    commit_file_path = debug_path_in_project + "/" + commit_file_name
    write_to_file_binary(commit_file_path, git_commit_number)
    version_array = open(path_name + "/version_number.txt", "r").readline().split('.')
    version_file_temp = debug_path_in_project + "/temp.txt"
    print(version_file_temp)
    write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, version_file_temp)
    version = version_array[0] + '.' + version_array[1] + '.' + version_array[2] + \
        '.' + git_commit_number
    print("version: " + version)
    if(platform.system() == 'Darwin'):
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
    if(platform.system() == 'Windows'):
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
    list_of_files_in_directory = os.listdir(debug_path_in_project)
    for file_in_list in list_of_files_in_directory:
        if file_in_list != (project_name + '.bin'):
            if file_in_list.endswith('.bin') and file_in_list is not project_name + '.bin':
                os.remove(file_in_list)
    os.rename(project_name + '.bin', project_name + '_' + version  + '.bin')
    os.remove(version_file_temp)
    os.remove(commit_file_path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

就是这样，在运行代码时，您应该拥有git Commit保留哈希值，并且version_number保留版本编号。

祝你好运

For Anyone who is interested,
adding the following lines to the STM32L4< x >_FLASH.ld between the .rodata (~line 74) and the .ARM.extab (~line 82) links the .gitcommit and .version section properly.

 .gitcommit :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit))         /* .gitcommit sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit*))        /* .gitcommit* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

    .version :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.version))         /* .version sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.version*))        /* .version* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

Full Explanation - How to have version number and git commit saved on flash (STM32):

Inside the Application Folder:

Keep the version number inside a version_number.txt
Every version update, update the text file.

Within the source files:
Declare your variables for holding the git-commit and version number as follows (change section names as you wish but be sure to be consistent with the names)

static uint32_t git_commit __attribute__((section(".gitcommit"))) = 0xffffffff;
static uint32_t version_number __attribute__((section(".version"))) =
    0xffffffff;

linker file (STM32< MCU ID >_FLASH.ld):

insert the following lines to link between the variables and the values they need to hold (as mentioned above - between the .rodata and .ARM.extab sections)

 .gitcommit :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit))         /* .gitcommit sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.gitcommit*))        /* .gitcommit* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

    .version :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.version))         /* .version sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.version*))        /* .version* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

Finally, as post-build, run the python script to take the version_number and git commit and insert them into the proper sections!

"""This script gets git commit and version number and push it to STM32 elf and bin
    file into specific section"""
import sys
import subprocess
import os
import binascii
import struct
import platform

def write_to_file_binary(file_name, data):
    """write data to binary file"""
    with open(file_name, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        data = binascii.unhexlify("0" + data)
        file_obj.write(data)

def get_git_revision_short_hash(dir_path):
    """get git commit number"""
    return subprocess.check_output(['git', 'rev-parse', '--short', 'HEAD'], cwd=dir_path)

def write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, file_path):
    """write version major minor patch commit to binary file"""
    version_major = version_array[0]
    version_minor = version_array[1]
    version_patch = version_array[2]
    with open(file_path, 'w+b') as file_obj:
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_major)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("B", int(version_minor)))
        file_obj.write(struct.pack("H", int(version_patch)))

def main(args):
    """This script connects to git and gets the commit number of the project and writes it
    to commit_number_file.txt,

    Then get the project version number from version_number.txt.

    Write binary to temp.txt file the version number and git commit number.

    Access to elf file and push git commit to .gitcommit and git version to .version section.

    Change the bin file.

    Change the bin file name to contain the version number and git commit number.
    """
    path_name = args[1]
    project_name = os.path.split(path_name)[-1]
    print("project name:" + project_name)
    debug_path_in_project = path_name + "/Debug"
    git_commit_number = get_git_revision_short_hash(path_name)[:-1].decode()
    commit_file_name = "commit_number_file.txt"
    commit_file_path = debug_path_in_project + "/" + commit_file_name
    write_to_file_binary(commit_file_path, git_commit_number)
    version_array = open(path_name + "/version_number.txt", "r").readline().split('.')
    version_file_temp = debug_path_in_project + "/temp.txt"
    print(version_file_temp)
    write_version_to_binary_file(version_array, version_file_temp)
    version = version_array[0] + '.' + version_array[1] + '.' + version_array[2] + \
        '.' + git_commit_number
    print("version: " + version)
    if(platform.system() == 'Darwin'):
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        out = subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
    if(platform.system() == 'Windows'):
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.gitcommit=' + \
            commit_file_name, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '--update-section', '.version=' + \
            version_file_temp, project_name + '.elf'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
        subprocess.check_output(['arm-none-eabi-objcopy.exe', '-O', 'binary', project_name + '.elf', \
            project_name + '.bin'], cwd=debug_path_in_project)
    list_of_files_in_directory = os.listdir(debug_path_in_project)
    for file_in_list in list_of_files_in_directory:
        if file_in_list != (project_name + '.bin'):
            if file_in_list.endswith('.bin') and file_in_list is not project_name + '.bin':
                os.remove(file_in_list)
    os.rename(project_name + '.bin', project_name + '_' + version  + '.bin')
    os.remove(version_file_temp)
    os.remove(commit_file_path)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv)

That's it, when running the code you should have git commit hold the hash value and version_number hold the version number.

Good Luck

回复 原文
婴鹅 2025-02-19 17:52:55

简化一点

GIT_TARGET = commit.bin

$(GIT_TARGET):
    @echo $(shell git rev-parse HEAD) | xxd -r -p > $@
...
main.elf: $(OBJ) $(GIT_COMMIT)
    @$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -Wl,-Map=$(notdir $(patsubst %.elf,%.map,$@)) -o $@ $(OBJ)
    @$(OBJCOPY) --update-section .git_commit=$(GIT_TARGET) $@
...

只是通过使用

...

  /* Constant data into "ROM" Rom type memory */
  .rodata :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

 .git_commit :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.git_commit))         /* .git_commit sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.git_commit*))        /* .git_commit* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
...

良好的旧makefiles和xxd命令来

...
#define COMMIT_SIZE 20
uint8_t git_commit[COMMIT_SIZE] __attribute__((section(".git_commit")));
...

Just to simplify a bit by using good old makefiles and xxd command to convert the commit to a binary file

GIT_TARGET = commit.bin

$(GIT_TARGET):
    @echo $(shell git rev-parse HEAD) | xxd -r -p > $@
...
main.elf: $(OBJ) $(GIT_COMMIT)
    @$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -Wl,-Map=$(notdir $(patsubst %.elf,%.map,$@)) -o $@ $(OBJ)
    @$(OBJCOPY) --update-section .git_commit=$(GIT_TARGET) $@
...

using this lines on the linker script

...

  /* Constant data into "ROM" Rom type memory */
  .rodata :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    *(.rodata)         /* .rodata sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    *(.rodata*)        /* .rodata* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH

 .git_commit :
  {
    . = ALIGN(4);
    KEEP (*(.git_commit))         /* .git_commit sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    KEEP (*(.git_commit*))        /* .git_commit* sections (constants, strings, etc.) */
    . = ALIGN(4);
  } >FLASH
...

and configure the variable in the source

...
#define COMMIT_SIZE 20
uint8_t git_commit[COMMIT_SIZE] __attribute__((section(".git_commit")));
...
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