为什么不安全阅读sbyte->字节在发布模式中不一致: *(字节 *)(& sbytevalue)?
通用枚举奇怪的事情发生在不安全的情况下,奇怪的事情发生在byte上。
在AMD X64机器上使用.NET 6.0测试了Folloging示例。
示例1:不一致的调试与发行版
以下代码在调试和发布模式下生成不同的输出:
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
byte byteValue = ReadAsByteValue(sbyteValue: -1);
Console.WriteLine(byteValue);
// OUTPUT DEBUG: 255
// OUTPUT RELEASE: -1
}
static unsafe byte ReadAsByteValue(sbyte sbyteValue)
{
return *(byte*)(&sbyteValue);
}
}
因为类型byte
没有值-1,我想在版本中,模式编译器返回sbyte
而不是byte
。
示例2a:发行模式中的不一致
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
var value1 = GetIntValueEncapsulated((sbyte)-1, true);
var value2 = GetIntValue((sbyte)-1);
Console.WriteLine($"{value1} vs. {value2}");
foreach (var value in Array.Empty<sbyte>())
{
GetIntValueEncapsulated(value, true);
}
// OUTPUT RELEASE: -1 vs. 255
}
static int GetIntValueEncapsulated<T>(T value, bool trueFalse)
where T : unmanaged
{
if (trueFalse)
{
return GetIntValue(value);
}
else
{
throw new NotImplementedException($"Not implemented for size: {Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()}");
}
}
static unsafe int GetIntValue<T>(T value)
where T : unmanaged
{
return *(byte*)(&value);
}
}
示例2b:注释空 foreach 更改结果
var value1 = GetIntValueEncapsulated((sbyte)-1, true);
var value2 = GetIntValue((sbyte)-1);
Console.WriteLine($"{value1} vs. {value2}");
//foreach (var value in Array.Empty<sbyte>())
//{
// GetIntValueEncapsulated(value, true);
//}
// OUTPUT RELEASE: -1 vs. -1
示例2C:异常的非功能更改线更改结果
从示例2a开始并替换线:
throw new NotImplementedException($"Not implemented for size: {Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()}");
使用线:
throw new NotImplementedException($"Not implemented for size: " + Unsafe.SizeOf<T>());
给出输出:
// OUTPUT RELEASE: 255 vs. 255
问题
- 这些差异的确切原因是什么?
- 如何在发布模式下强制编译器以预期的方式行事? (即在调试模式下)
While writing conversion of generic enum to int strange things happened around unsafe read of sbyte type to byte.
The folloging examples were tested with .Net 6.0 on AMD x64 machine.
Example 1: Inconsistency Debug vs. Release
The following code generates different output in Debug and in Release mode:
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
byte byteValue = ReadAsByteValue(sbyteValue: -1);
Console.WriteLine(byteValue);
// OUTPUT DEBUG: 255
// OUTPUT RELEASE: -1
}
static unsafe byte ReadAsByteValue(sbyte sbyteValue)
{
return *(byte*)(&sbyteValue);
}
}
Since type byte
does not have value -1, I suppose that in Release mode the compiler returns sbyte
instead of byte
.
Example 2A: Inconsistency in Release mode
class Program
{
static void Main()
{
var value1 = GetIntValueEncapsulated((sbyte)-1, true);
var value2 = GetIntValue((sbyte)-1);
Console.WriteLine(quot;{value1} vs. {value2}");
foreach (var value in Array.Empty<sbyte>())
{
GetIntValueEncapsulated(value, true);
}
// OUTPUT RELEASE: -1 vs. 255
}
static int GetIntValueEncapsulated<T>(T value, bool trueFalse)
where T : unmanaged
{
if (trueFalse)
{
return GetIntValue(value);
}
else
{
throw new NotImplementedException(quot;Not implemented for size: {Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()}");
}
}
static unsafe int GetIntValue<T>(T value)
where T : unmanaged
{
return *(byte*)(&value);
}
}
Example 2B: Commenting out empty foreach
changes results
var value1 = GetIntValueEncapsulated((sbyte)-1, true);
var value2 = GetIntValue((sbyte)-1);
Console.WriteLine(quot;{value1} vs. {value2}");
//foreach (var value in Array.Empty<sbyte>())
//{
// GetIntValueEncapsulated(value, true);
//}
// OUTPUT RELEASE: -1 vs. -1
Example 2C: Non-functional change on the Exception line changes results
Starting with Example 2A and replacing line:
throw new NotImplementedException(quot;Not implemented for size: {Unsafe.SizeOf<T>()}");
with line:
throw new NotImplementedException(quot;Not implemented for size: " + Unsafe.SizeOf<T>());
gives output:
// OUTPUT RELEASE: 255 vs. 255
Questions
- What is the exact cause of these differences?
- How to force compiler in the Release mode to behave as expected? (i.e. as in the Debug mode)
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示例1:不一致的调试与发行版
您应该知道编译器在此示例中选择的过载方法是
writeline(int)
。因此,如果您调用writeline(((UINT)字节)
或writeline(bytevalue.tostring())
,您将获得结果255
。今天的编译器更喜欢32位签名的整数类型,并将编码
sbytevalue:-1
ffffffff
而不是000000FFF
,因为效率。在发行模式下优化的副作用。
您可以在调试模式下看到,它使用局部变量来传输字节。
stloc
的文档说。由于发行模式没有中间人,因此没有截断,
Writeline
方法将在寄存器中使用返回值fffffffff
。该效果也适用于短+ushort
,其原因相同。示例2a:发行模式中的不一致
根据上述解释,从
getIntValueEncapsulated返回的值
或getIntValue
emboister中的始终是ffffffffff < /代码>。
抱歉,我不是JIT专家,所以我无法说明实现细节。我所知道的是这是由方法内在引起的。将
noinlining应用于该方法,输出为-1。
以下代码可用于模拟强制内部的效果。
当该方法内联时,编译器使用以下仪器来设置迫使字节类型的值2的值。
执行预期结果
uint*
首先Example 1: Inconsistency Debug vs. Release
You should know that the overload method chosen by the compiler in this example is
WriteLine(int)
. So if you callWriteLine((uint)byteValue)
orWriteLine(byteValue.ToString())
, you'll get the result255
.The compiler prefers 32-bit signed integer types today and will encode
sbyteValue: -1
toffffffff
not000000ff
because of the efficiency.The side-effect of optimzation in release mode.
You can see in debug mode, it uses a local variable to transmit the byte. The docs of
stloc
says.Since there is no middleman in release mode, no truncation,
WriteLine
method will use the return valueffffffff
in the register as is. The effect also applies toshort+ushort
with the same reason.Example 2A: Inconsistency in Release mode
According to the explaination above the values returned from
GetIntValueEncapsulated
orGetIntValue
in the registers are alwaysffffffff
.Sorry I'm not a JIT expert, so I can't tell the implemention detail. What I know is this is caused by method inlining. Apply
NoInlining
to the method, the output is -1.The following code can be used to simulate the effect of forced inlining.
When the method is inline the compiler uses the following instrument to set the value of value2 which force the type to byte.
To enforce the expected result
uint*
first