子过程更改目录

发布于 2025-02-10 04:01:24 字数 946 浏览 2 评论 0原文

我想在子目录/superDirectory中执行一个脚本(我需要在此子/超级直接级别内部)。我无法获得子过程输入我的子目录:

tducin@localhost:~/Projekty/tests/ve$ python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26) 
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import subprocess
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/home/tducin/Projekty/tests/ve'
>>> subprocess.call(['cd ..'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 524, in call
    return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 711, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1308, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

Python抛出了Oserror,我不知道为什么。无论是尝试进入现有子介绍还是将一个目录升级到上述)都没关系 - 我总是遇到相同的错误。

I want to execute a script inside a subdirectory/superdirectory (I need to be inside this sub/super-directory first). I can't get subprocess to enter my subdirectory:

tducin@localhost:~/Projekty/tests/ve$ python
Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26) 
[GCC 4.7.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import subprocess
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/home/tducin/Projekty/tests/ve'
>>> subprocess.call(['cd ..'])
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 524, in call
    return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 711, in __init__
    errread, errwrite)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1308, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

Python throws OSError and I don't know why. It doesn't matter whether I try to go into an existing subdir or go one directory up (as above) - I always end up with the same error.

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评论(9

流星番茄 2025-02-17 04:01:24

您的代码试图做的是调用名为cd ..的程序。您想要的是称为命令cd

但是CD是外壳内部。因此,您只能将其称为

subprocess.call('cd ..', shell=True) # pointless code! See text below.

,但是这样做是毫无意义的。,由于没有过程可以更改另一个过程的工作目录(至少在Unix型OS上,但在Windows上也是如此),此呼叫将使子壳立即更改其DIR并立即退出。

您想要使用os.chdir()subprocess name parameter cwd在执行子进程之前会更改工作目录。

例如,要在根目录中执行ls,您可以做

wd = os.getcwd()
os.chdir("/")
subprocess.Popen("ls")
os.chdir(wd)

或简单地执行

subprocess.Popen("ls", cwd="/")

What your code tries to do is call a program named cd ... What you want is call a command named cd.

But cd is a shell internal. So you can only call it as

subprocess.call('cd ..', shell=True) # pointless code! See text below.

But it is pointless to do so. As no process can change another process's working directory (again, at least on a UNIX-like OS, but as well on Windows), this call will have the subshell change its dir and exit immediately.

What you want can be achieved with os.chdir() or with the subprocess named parameter cwd which changes the working directory immediately before executing a subprocess.

For example, to execute ls in the root directory, you either can do

wd = os.getcwd()
os.chdir("/")
subprocess.Popen("ls")
os.chdir(wd)

or simply

subprocess.Popen("ls", cwd="/")
感悟人生的甜 2025-02-17 04:01:24

要运行your_command作为其他目录中的子进程,请通过cwd参数,为在 @wim的答案中提出建议

import subprocess

subprocess.check_call(['your_command', 'arg 1', 'arg 2'], cwd=working_dir)

一个子过程无法更改其父母的工作目录(通常)。运行cd ..在使用子过程的子进程中,不会更改您的父python脚本的工作目录, @glglgl的答案中的代码示例是错误的cd是一个shell内置(不是单独的可执行文件),它只能在相同进程中更改目录。

To run your_command as a subprocess in a different directory, pass cwd parameter, as suggested in @wim's answer:

import subprocess

subprocess.check_call(['your_command', 'arg 1', 'arg 2'], cwd=working_dir)

A child process can't change its parent's working directory (normally). Running cd .. in a child shell process using subprocess won't change your parent Python script's working directory i.e., the code example in @glglgl's answer is wrong. cd is a shell builtin (not a separate executable), it can change the directory only in the same process.

↙温凉少女 2025-02-17 04:01:24

subprocess.callsubprocess模块中的其他方法具有cwd参数。

此参数确定要执行过程的工作目录。

因此,您可以做类似的事情:

subprocess.call('ls', shell=True, cwd='path/to/wanted/dir/')

查看文档

subprocess.call and other methods in the subprocess module have a cwd parameter.

This parameter determines the working directory where you want to execute your process.

So you can do something like this:

subprocess.call('ls', shell=True, cwd='path/to/wanted/dir/')

Check out docs subprocess.popen-constructor

ら栖息 2025-02-17 04:01:24

您想使用可执行文件的绝对路径,并使用cwd popen的夸尔格来设置工作目录。请参阅 docs

如果CWD不是没有,则孩子的当前目录将更改为
CWD在执行之前。请注意,该目录不考虑
搜索可执行文件时,因此您无法指定程序的路径
相对于CWD。

You want to use an absolute path to the executable, and use the cwd kwarg of Popen to set the working directory. See the docs.

If cwd is not None, the child’s current directory will be changed to
cwd before it is executed. Note that this directory is not considered
when searching the executable, so you can’t specify the program’s path
relative to cwd.

浸婚纱 2025-02-17 04:01:24

我想这些天你会这样做:

import subprocess

subprocess.run(["pwd"], cwd="sub-dir")

I guess these days you would do:

import subprocess

subprocess.run(["pwd"], cwd="sub-dir")
木有鱼丸 2025-02-17 04:01:24

基于此答案的另一个选项: https://stackoverflow.com/a/a/29269316/451710

这允许您允许您执行多个多重执行多个多次多次在同一过程中的命令(例如cd)。

import subprocess

commands = '''
pwd
cd some-directory
pwd
cd another-directory
pwd
'''

process = subprocess.Popen('/bin/bash', stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = process.communicate(commands.encode('utf-8'))
print(out.decode('utf-8'))

Another option based on this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/29269316/451710

This allows you to execute multiple commands (e.g cd) in the same process.

import subprocess

commands = '''
pwd
cd some-directory
pwd
cd another-directory
pwd
'''

process = subprocess.Popen('/bin/bash', stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
out, err = process.communicate(commands.encode('utf-8'))
print(out.decode('utf-8'))
伏妖词 2025-02-17 04:01:24

只需使用os.chdir
示例:

>>> import os
>>> import subprocess
>>> # Lets Just Say WE want To List The User Folders
>>> os.chdir("/home/")
>>> subprocess.run("ls")
user1 user2 user3 user4

just use os.chdir
Example:

>>> import os
>>> import subprocess
>>> # Lets Just Say WE want To List The User Folders
>>> os.chdir("/home/")
>>> subprocess.run("ls")
user1 user2 user3 user4
皇甫轩 2025-02-17 04:01:24

如果您想具有CD功能(假设Shell = true),并且仍然希望根据Python脚本更改目录,则此代码将允许“ CD”命令工作。

import subprocess
import os

def cd(cmd):
    #cmd is expected to be something like "cd [place]"
    cmd = cmd + " && pwd" # add the pwd command to run after, this will get our directory after running cd
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True) # run our new command
    out = p.stdout.read()
    err = p.stderr.read()
    # read our output
    if out != "":
        print(out)
        os.chdir(out[0:len(out) - 1]) # if we did get a directory, go to there while ignoring the newline 
    if err != "":
        print(err) # if that directory doesn't exist, bash/sh/whatever env will complain for us, so we can just use that
    return

If you want to have cd functionality (assuming shell=True) and still want to change the directory in terms of the Python script, this code will allow 'cd' commands to work.

import subprocess
import os

def cd(cmd):
    #cmd is expected to be something like "cd [place]"
    cmd = cmd + " && pwd" # add the pwd command to run after, this will get our directory after running cd
    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True) # run our new command
    out = p.stdout.read()
    err = p.stderr.read()
    # read our output
    if out != "":
        print(out)
        os.chdir(out[0:len(out) - 1]) # if we did get a directory, go to there while ignoring the newline 
    if err != "":
        print(err) # if that directory doesn't exist, bash/sh/whatever env will complain for us, so we can just use that
    return
面犯桃花 2025-02-17 04:01:24

如果您需要更改目录,请运行命令并获取STD输出:

import os
import logging as log
from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError, STDOUT
log.basicConfig(level=log.DEBUG)

def cmd_std_output(cd_dir_path, cmd):
    cmd_to_list = cmd.split(" ")
    try:
        if cd_dir_path:
            os.chdir(os.path.abspath(cd_dir_path))
        output = check_output(cmd_to_list, stderr=STDOUT).decode()
        return output
    except CalledProcessError as e:
        log.error('e: {}'.format(e))
def get_last_commit_cc_cluster():
    cd_dir_path = "/repos/cc_manager/cc_cluster"
    cmd = "git log --name-status HEAD^..HEAD --date=iso"
    result = cmd_std_output(cd_dir_path, cmd)
    return result

log.debug("Output: {}".format(get_last_commit_cc_cluster()))

Output: "commit 3b3daaaaaaaa2bb0fc4f1953af149fa3921e\nAuthor: user1<[email protected]>\nDate:   2020-04-23 09:58:49 +0200\n\n

If you need to change directory, run a command and get the std output as well:

import os
import logging as log
from subprocess import check_output, CalledProcessError, STDOUT
log.basicConfig(level=log.DEBUG)

def cmd_std_output(cd_dir_path, cmd):
    cmd_to_list = cmd.split(" ")
    try:
        if cd_dir_path:
            os.chdir(os.path.abspath(cd_dir_path))
        output = check_output(cmd_to_list, stderr=STDOUT).decode()
        return output
    except CalledProcessError as e:
        log.error('e: {}'.format(e))
def get_last_commit_cc_cluster():
    cd_dir_path = "/repos/cc_manager/cc_cluster"
    cmd = "git log --name-status HEAD^..HEAD --date=iso"
    result = cmd_std_output(cd_dir_path, cmd)
    return result

log.debug("Output: {}".format(get_last_commit_cc_cluster()))

Output: "commit 3b3daaaaaaaa2bb0fc4f1953af149fa3921e\nAuthor: user1<[email protected]>\nDate:   2020-04-23 09:58:49 +0200\n\n
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