使用自定义混合类型创建枚举

发布于 2025-02-08 13:28:17 字数 2922 浏览 1 评论 0原文

class IntEnum(int, Enum):
    pass

但是，该文档没有在上提供任何示例自定义类作为混合类型，我对此失败了。有可能吗？如果是这样，我该怎么做？

我要编写的代码是

@dataclass
class Field:
    dtype: str
    name: str

@dataclass
class FwfField(Field):
    width: int

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.width <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Field width must be positive.")

class CnefeSchema(FwfField, Enum):
    state_code = ("int", "Código da UF", 2)
    ...

从另一个文件导入cnefeschema时，我

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [1], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 from src.conf.schemas import CnefeSchema

File src/conf/schemas.py:25, in <module>
     21     pass
     24 # TODO automatically read schema from Layout
---> 25 class CnefeSchema(EnumFwfField, Enum):
     27     @classmethod
     28     def parse(cls) -> tuple[list, dict, dict]:
     29         """
     30         Get field widths, dtypes, and columns from schema.
     31
   (...)
     34         as `pandas.read_fwf`.
     35         """

File /usr/lib/python3.10/enum.py:298, in EnumMeta.__new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict, **kwds)
    296 enum_member._name_ = member_name
    297 enum_member.__objclass__ = enum_class
--> 298 enum_member.__init__(*args)
    299 # If another member with the same value was already defined, the
    300 # new member becomes an alias to the existing one.
    301 for name, canonical_member in enum_class._member_map_.items():

File <string>:4, in __init__(self, dtype, name, width)

File /usr/lib/python3.10/types.py:187, in DynamicClassAttribute.__set__(self, instance, value)
    185 def __set__(self, instance, value):
    186     if self.fset is None:
--> 187         raise AttributeError("can't set attribute")
    188     self.fset(instance, value)

AttributeError: can't set attribute

已经尝试过：

定义另一个类，enumfwffield，并使用它作为混合，即在经过类Cnefeschema（Enumfwfffield，Enum）： ... 但是我得到的错误与上面相同；
将enum fields设置（在此示例中，state_code）为fwffield，即
```
 类Cnefeschema（fwffield，Enum）
    state_code = fwffield（“ int”，“códigoda uf”，2）
    ...
 
```
但是我得到了 < 文件“ src/conf/schemas.py”，第25行，in＆lt; module＆gt; 类Cnefeschema（Enumfwfffield，Enum）：文件“/usr/lib/python3.10/enum.py”，第298行，in __new__ enum_member .__ init __（*args） typeError：fwffield .__ INT __（）缺少2个必需的位置参数：'name'和'width'

原文

In the relevant section of the Python Enum documentation, it is mentioned that mix-in types can be used to ensure items belong to that type and act as objects of that type, like in the example:

class IntEnum(int, Enum):
    pass

However, the documentation does not give any examples on how to use a custom class as a mix-in type, and I've failed miserably at that. Is it even possible? And if so, how do I do it?

The code I'm trying to write is

@dataclass
class Field:
    dtype: str
    name: str

@dataclass
class FwfField(Field):
    width: int

    def __post_init__(self):
        if self.width <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Field width must be positive.")

class CnefeSchema(FwfField, Enum):
    state_code = ("int", "Código da UF", 2)
    ...

When I import CnefeSchema from another file or run it, I get

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
Input In [1], in <cell line: 1>()
----> 1 from src.conf.schemas import CnefeSchema

File src/conf/schemas.py:25, in <module>
     21     pass
     24 # TODO automatically read schema from Layout
---> 25 class CnefeSchema(EnumFwfField, Enum):
     27     @classmethod
     28     def parse(cls) -> tuple[list, dict, dict]:
     29         """
     30         Get field widths, dtypes, and columns from schema.
     31
   (...)
     34         as `pandas.read_fwf`.
     35         """

File /usr/lib/python3.10/enum.py:298, in EnumMeta.__new__(metacls, cls, bases, classdict, **kwds)
    296 enum_member._name_ = member_name
    297 enum_member.__objclass__ = enum_class
--> 298 enum_member.__init__(*args)
    299 # If another member with the same value was already defined, the
    300 # new member becomes an alias to the existing one.
    301 for name, canonical_member in enum_class._member_map_.items():

File <string>:4, in __init__(self, dtype, name, width)

File /usr/lib/python3.10/types.py:187, in DynamicClassAttribute.__set__(self, instance, value)
    185 def __set__(self, instance, value):
    186     if self.fset is None:
--> 187         raise AttributeError("can't set attribute")
    188     self.fset(instance, value)

AttributeError: can't set attribute

I've already tried:

Defining another class, EnumFwfField, and using it as a mix-in, i.e.
```
class EnumFwfField(FwfField, Enum):
    pass

class CnefeSchema(EnumFwfField, Enum):
    ...
```
but I get the same error as above;

Setting the Enum fields (in this example, state_code) to FwfField, i.e.

class CnefeSchema(FwfField, Enum):
    state_code = FwfField("int", "Código da UF", 2)
    ...

but then I get

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "src/conf/schemas.py", line 25, in <module>
    class CnefeSchema(EnumFwfField, Enum):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/enum.py", line 298, in __new__
    enum_member.__init__(*args)
TypeError: FwfField.__init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'name' and 'width'

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