使用Conda环境转移Django项目到Docker容器

Question

我是Django的新手，并且正在尝试关注William S. Vincent的专业人士3.1的Django书。在这种情况下，我正在尝试使用Pycharm IDE上的Conda环境在系统（MAC OS）上移动一个简单的Django项目，并将其移动到Docker容器。

该书为项目使用pipenv的问题

，并建议在dockerfile中输入以下代码： ”一书中给出

，由于我正在为项目使用Conda环境，因此我无法在Dockerfile中使用上述代码。

我尝试的

步骤1

是通过输入以下代码来创建Environment.yml文件，其中包含项目使用的所有软件包。

(django_for_professionals_31) My-MacBook-Pro:django_for_professionals_31_ch1 me$ conda env export --no-builds > environment.yml

我的emoverition.yml文件看起来如下*：

name: django_for_professionals_31
channels:
  - defaults
dependencies:
  - asgiref=3.4.1
  - bzip2=1.0.8
  - ca-certificates=2022.4.26
  - certifi=2022.5.18.1
  - django=3.2.5
  - krb5=1.19.2
  - libedit=3.1.20210910
  - libffi=3.3
  - libpq=12.9
  - ncurses=6.3
  - openssl=1.1.1o
  - pip=21.2.4
  - psycopg2=2.8.6
  - python=3.10.4
  - pytz=2021.3
  - readline=8.1.2
  - setuptools=61.2.0
  - sqlite=3.38.3
  - sqlparse=0.4.1
  - tk=8.6.12
  - typing_extensions=4.1.1
  - tzdata=2022a
  - wheel=0.37.1
  - xz=5.2.5
  - zlib=1.2.12
prefix: /opt/anaconda3/envs/django_for_professionals_31

步骤2

，然后，基于这个教程，我试图编写我的dockerfile，如下所示：

# Pull base image
FROM continuumio/miniconda3

# Set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Set work directory
WORKDIR /code

# Create the environment:
COPY environment.yml .
RUN conda env create -f environment.yml

# Make RUN commands use the new environment:
SHELL ["conda", "run", "-n", "django_for_professionals_31", "/bin/bash", "-c"]

# Demonstrate the environment is activated:
RUN echo "Make sure django is installed:"
RUN python -c "import django"

# The code to run when container is started:
COPY run.py .
ENTRYPOINT ["conda", "run", "--no-capture-output", "-n", "django_for_professionals_31", "python", "run.py"]

# Copy project
COPY . /code/

此后，我运行了命令来构建Docker映像。我得到的命令和输出如下：

(django_for_professionals_31) My-MacBook-Pro:django_for_professionals_31_ch1 me$ docker build .
[+] Building 3.6s (12/13)                                                                                                                               
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 737B                                                                                                               0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/continuumio/miniconda3:latest                                                                           3.3s
 => [auth] continuumio/miniconda3:pull token for registry-1.docker.io                                                                              0.0s
 => [1/8] FROM docker.io/continuumio/miniconda3@sha256:24103733efebe6d610d868ab16a6f0e5f114c7aad0326a793d946b73af15391d                            0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 5.29kB                                                                                                                0.0s
 => CACHED [2/8] WORKDIR /code                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => CACHED [3/8] COPY environment.yml .                                                                                                            0.0s
 => CACHED [4/8] RUN conda env create -f environment.yml                                                                                           0.0s
 => CACHED [5/8] RUN echo "Make sure django is installed:"                                                                                         0.0s
 => CACHED [6/8] RUN python -c "import django"                                                                                                     0.0s
 => ERROR [7/8] COPY run.py .                                                                                                                      0.0s
------
 > [7/8] COPY run.py .:
------
failed to compute cache key: "/run.py" not found: not found

第3步，

我不确定下一步该错误时该怎么办，我的第一个本能是在： dockerfile中的部分。因此，我这样做了，我的dockerfile看起来如下：

# Pull base image
FROM continuumio/miniconda3

# Set environment variables
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Set work directory
WORKDIR /code

# Create the environment:
COPY environment.yml .
RUN conda env create -f environment.yml

# Make RUN commands use the new environment:
SHELL ["conda", "run", "-n", "django_for_professionals_31", "/bin/bash", "-c"]

# Demonstrate the environment is activated:
RUN echo "Make sure django is installed:"
RUN python -c "import django"

# The code to run when container is started:
#COPY run.py .
#ENTRYPOINT ["conda", "run", "--no-capture-output", "-n", "django_for_professionals_31", "python", "run.py"]

# Copy project
COPY . /code/

在终端重新运行$ docker build。时，我能够创建Docker Image，我得到的输出的最后一行是=＆gt; =＆gt;编写图像SHA256：...。

步骤4

然后，创建docker-compose.yml文件所需的书。我在书中使用了完全相同的代码，下面给出：

version: '3.8'

services:
  web:
    build: .
    command: python /code/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000
    volumes:
      - .:/code
    ports:
      - 8000:8000

之后，我运行了基于创建的图像来构建Docker容器的命令。命令和输出如下所示。

(django_for_professionals_31) My-MacBook-Pro:django_for_professionals_31_ch1 me$ docker-compose up
[+] Building 3.8s (13/13) FINISHED                                                                                                                      
 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 734B                                                                                                               0.0s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => => transferring context: 2B                                                                                                                    0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/continuumio/miniconda3:latest                                                                           3.4s
 => [auth] continuumio/miniconda3:pull token for registry-1.docker.io                                                                              0.0s
 => [1/7] FROM docker.io/continuumio/miniconda3@sha256:24103733efebe6d610d868ab16a6f0e5f114c7aad0326a793d946b73af15391d                            0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                                                  0.1s
 => => transferring context: 5.11kB                                                                                                                0.0s
 => CACHED [2/7] WORKDIR /code                                                                                                                     0.0s
 => CACHED [3/7] COPY environment.yml .                                                                                                            0.0s
 => CACHED [4/7] RUN conda env create -f environment.yml                                                                                           0.0s
 => CACHED [5/7] RUN echo "Make sure django is installed:"                                                                                         0.0s
 => CACHED [6/7] RUN python -c "import django"                                                                                                     0.0s
 => [7/7] COPY . /code/                                                                                                                            0.1s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                                             0.1s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                                            0.1s
 => => writing image sha256:d0166e8db7d10a43f18975955b398d9227ae7c2a217a69a2fe76a9cc869c0917                                                       0.0s
 => => naming to docker.io/library/django_for_professionals_31_ch1_web                                                                             0.0s
[+] Running 2/2
 ⠿ Network django_for_professionals_31_ch1_default  Created                                                                                        0.1s
 ⠿ Container django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  Created                                                                                        0.2s
Attaching to django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | Traceback (most recent call last):
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  |   File "/code/manage.py", line 11, in main
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  |     from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'django'
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | 
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | 
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | Traceback (most recent call last):
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  |   File "/code/manage.py", line 22, in <module>
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  |     main()
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  |   File "/code/manage.py", line 13, in main
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  |     raise ImportError(
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1  | ImportError: Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you forget to activate a virtual environment?
django_for_professionals_31_ch1-web-1 exited with code 1

---

从以上看来，在我看来（我可能错了）在评论了dockerfile中的两行代码后，conda环境不会在docker容器中激活，但包括这两行代码的导致无法计算高速缓存密钥：“/run.py”找不到：找不到错误，因为无法创建图像。

如何解决上述问题并创建Docker映像并使用它来为我的项目构建容器？任何帮助都将不胜感激。谢谢。

---

* 注释 ：我从emoverition.yml文件中删除了libcxx = 12.0.0软件包，因为使用它，在运行$ docker build。阅读此

> [4/7] RUN conda env create -f environment.yml:                                                                                                       
#9 1.036 Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): ...working... done                                                                                
#9 8.859 Solving environment: ...working... failed                                                                                                      
#9 8.874 
#9 8.874 ResolvePackageNotFound: 
#9 8.874   - libcxx=12.0.0
#9 8.874 

Answer 1

尝试以下操作：

emoverition.yml

name: myenv
channels:
  - conda-forge
dependencies:
  - python=3.8
  - asgiref==3.3.1
  - Django==3.1.7
  - pytz==2021.1
  - sqlparse==0.4.1

dockerfile

FROM continuumio/miniconda3


WORKDIR /app


COPY environment.yml .
RUN conda env create -f environment.yml


SHELL ["conda","run","-n","myenv","/bin/bash","-c"]



COPY . .
#start server inside container
CMD ["conda", "run", "--no-capture-output","-n", "myenv", "python3","manage.py", "runserver","0.0.0.0:8000"]

在当前的dir，构建图像：

docker build --tag python-django .

运行图像：

docker run --publish 8000:8000 python-django