一次将数据插入2个相关表中？

Question

我试图使用第一个表格中的主键立即插入两个表中，以将其插入第二个表中，但我不确定如何处理。

我的表结构如下：

Person

PersonId
FirstName
Surname

员工

EmployeeId
HoursWorked

person> Person表中的personid表是自动增量列。 SpioreeID在第二个表中是主要和外键，应与personid相同。

我一直在尝试使用Google上找到的查询字符串，但运气不多：

string queryString = "BEGIN TRANSACTION DECLARE @DataID int; "
 +"INSERT INTO Person(FirstName, Surname) VALUES(@firstName, @surname);" 
 + "SELECT @DataID = scope_identity();" 
 + "INSERT INTO Employee VALUES(@DataId, @hoursWorked);" 
 + "COMMIT";

Answer 1

从C＃中，您可以尝试这样的尝试：

// define the INSERT query - insert a firstname,surname into "Person",
// and insert a row into the Emplyoee table with the new ID
// created by the first insert
string insertStmt = @"BEGIN TRANSACTION
                      INSERT INTO dbo.Person(FirstName, Surname) VALUES(@FirstName, @Surname);
                      DECLARE @NewPersonId INT = SCOPE_IDENTITY();
                      INSERT INTO dbo.Employee(EmployeeId, HoursWorked) VALUES(@NewPersonId, @HoursWorked);
                      COMMIT TRANSACTION;"

// define connection and command for inserting data                       
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(-your-connection-string-here-))
using (SqlCommand cmdInsert = new SqlCommand(insertStmt, conn))
{
    // Define parameters - adapt datatype and max length as required
    cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@FirstName", SqlDbType.VarChar, 100);
    cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@Surname", SqlDbType.VarChar, 100);
    cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@HoursWorked", SqlDbType.Int);
    
    // set parameter values
    cmdInsert.Parameters["@FirstName"].Value = "John";
    cmdInsert.Parameters["@Surname"].Value = "Doe";
    cmdInsert.Parameters["@HoursWorked"].Value = 35;
    
    // Open connection, execute query, close connection
    conn.Open();
    
    int rowsInserted = cmdInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();
    
    conn.Close();
}

update ：正如@Charlieface所述，您可以更简单地编写此代码如果您只插入一行 -像这样：

// define connection and command for inserting data                       
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(-your-connection-string-here-))
using (SqlCommand cmdInsert = new SqlCommand(insertStmt, conn))
{
    // Define and set parameters
    cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@FirstName", SqlDbType.VarChar, 100).Value = "John";
    cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@Surname", SqlDbType.VarChar, 100).Value = "Doe";
    cmdInsert.Parameters.Add("@HoursWorked", SqlDbType.Int).Value = 35;
    
    // Open connection, execute query, close connection
    conn.Open();
    int rowsInserted = cmdInsert.ExecuteNonQuery();
    conn.Close();
}

Answer 2

您需要指定要插入的列。

您还应使用在上设置xact_abort，如果您有明确的事务。

请注意，还使用多行字符串。

string queryString = @"
SET XACT_ABORT ON;

BEGIN TRANSACTION;

INSERT INTO Person (FirstName, Surname)
VALUES(@firstName, @surname);
DECLARE @DataID int = scope_identity();

INSERT INTO Employee (EmployeeId, HoursWorked)
VALUES(@DataId, @hoursWorked);

COMMIT;
";