在C中，我试图从文件中获取一个学生信息，并尝试将信息纳入struct，但它不起作用

Question

我的结构格式就是这样

struct {
    char student_ID[11];
    char full_name [MAX];
    char program [MAX];
    char year;
    char e_mail [MAX*2];
    char status;
} student_info;   

，这是我的功能，它试图获取一个学生信息

void scanStudents(FILE *file, student_info *student) {
    char get_line [500];
    fgets(get_line,500,file);

    char *ID = strtok(get_line,";");
    strcpy(student->student_ID, ID);
    char *NAME = strtok(get_line, ";");
    strcpy(student->full_name, NAME);
    char *PROGRAM = strtok(get_line,";");
    strcpy(student->program, PROGRAM);
    char *YEAR = strtok(get_line, ";");
    strcpy(student->year,YEAR);
    char *E_MAIL = strtok(get_line, ";")
    strcpy(student->e_mail,E_MAIL);
    char *STATUS = strtok(get_line,";");
    strcpy(student->status, STATUS);
}

我在其他函数中打开文件，并调用此功能，因为我的目标是尝试将学生信息存储在一个阵列中，该数组是student_ınfo。 TXT文件包含许多学生信息

31300000010;DURU  AY;Computer Engineering;2;[email protected];

Answer 1

这是一个示例，包括@retired ninja和@gerhardh所说的错误修复。
文件内容是：

31300000010;DURU AY;Computer Engineering;2;[email protected];A

现在，该文件用于将每个字段存储为字符串。我对您的代码进行的修复程序如下：

• student_info声明及其定义是固定的。
• 添加min_string以遵守最小字符串长度，即1个字符 + 1个空终止。
• 更改年和状态字段，以便它们遵守最小字符串空间要求。
• 添加一些无效检查，也许是为了避免损坏的学生信息。
• 仅使用一个指针temp来保存由strtok函数返回的指针地址。

此示例代码仅供参考。因此，您将此代码背后的想法调整为实际代码。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

// Minimum string size must be 2 in order to store 1 character + terminating (NULL or '\0') character
#define MIN_STRING 2
#define MAX (50+1) // 1 character space for the NULL terminator.

struct student_info {
    char student_ID[12];
    char full_name [MAX];
    char program [MAX];
    char year[MIN_STRING];
    char e_mail [MAX];
    char status[MIN_STRING];
};

const char *file_name = "students.txt";

int main(void) {
    
    FILE *file_students = fopen(file_name, "r");
    if(file_students == NULL) {
        printf("The file named %s could not be read\n", file_name);
        return 1; // Return with some failure code
    }
    
    char get_line[500];
    char *temp = NULL;
    struct student_info student;
    
    fgets(get_line, 500, file_students);
    
    temp = strtok(get_line,";");
    strcpy(student.student_ID, temp);
    // After the first invocation of strtok you must pust NULL
    temp = strtok(NULL, ";");
    // strtok returns NULL if there are not any tokens left
    if(temp == NULL) {
        puts("Student ID NULL");
        return 1;
    }
    strcpy(student.full_name, temp);
    temp = strtok(NULL,";");
    if(temp == NULL) {
        puts("Name NULL");
        return 1;
    }
    strcpy(student.program, temp);
    temp = strtok(NULL, ";");
    if(temp == NULL) {
        puts("Program NULL");
        return 1;
    }
    strcpy(student.year,temp);
    temp = strtok(NULL, ";");
    if(temp == NULL) {
        puts("Year NULL");
        return 1;
    }
    strcpy(student.e_mail,temp);
    temp = strtok(NULL,";");
    if(temp == NULL) {
        puts("E-mail NULL");
        return 1;
    }
    strcpy(student.status, temp);
    
    puts("Sample student information");
    printf(
        "ID: %s\nFull name: %s\nProgram: %s\nYear: %s\nE-mail: %s\nStatus: %s\n",
        student.student_ID, student.full_name, student.program, student.year,
        student.e_mail, student.status
           );
    
    // Close the file
    fclose(file_students);
    
    return 0;
}

这是示例代码的输出：

Sample student information
ID: 31300000010
Full name: DURU AY
Program: Computer Engineering
Year: 2
E-mail: [email protected]
Status: A