我应该亚级RDF：重新化语句吗？

Question

我想做一个“关于语句的语句”，例如我有userx members of groupy，并想对此进行声明（例如，他们于5月11日加入）。

因此，我有类似的东西：

statementX a rdf:statement
statementX subject userX
statementX predicate memberOf
statementX object groupY
statementX since "2022-05-11T11:32:52"^^xsd:dateTime

我的问题是，是否值得子分类rdf：语句？ Say 用户groupstatement RDF：subclassof rdf：语句，然后statementx a userGroupStatement。

这是有道理的吗，这是人们做的事情吗？还是人们只是使用rdf：语句，还是创建自己的加入类？利弊是什么？

在我的想法中，至少可以让我建模某种类型的语句具有某些属性，例如，userGroupStatement具有'afa farter'属性（domain usergroupStatement，范围XSD：DateTime）。但是，我可以看到它无济于事，因为userGroupStatement的主题/谓词/对象仍然可以是任何Resource> Resource。还是出于建模目的，我应该只制作一个新的语句链接对象，而忘记了RDF：完全说明？

Answer 1

如果适合您的用例，则可以子类rdf：语句，但要小心资本s，因为uris对案例敏感。

然后，您可以使用OWL进一步限制该子类上的属性，但这只会帮助您进行推理。我假设您想验证数据，因为用例 shacl 更适合。

shacl示例

@prefix : <http://example.org/>.
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>.
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>.
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>.
@prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#>.
    
# Ontology
:UserStatement rdfs:subClassOf rdf:Statement.

## Knowledge Base
:GroupY a :Group.
:UserX a :User; :memberOf :GroupY.
:AdminX a :Admin; :memberOf :GroupY.    

:CorrectStatement a :UserStatement;
    rdf:subject :UserX;
    rdf:predicate :memberOf;
    rdf:object :GroupY;
    :since "2022-05-11T11:32:52"^^xsd:dateTime.

:IncorrectStatement1 a :UserStatement;
    rdf:subject :AdminX;
    rdf:predicate :memberOf;
    rdf:object :GroupY;
    :since "2022-05-11T11:32:52"^^xsd:dateTime.

:IncorrectStatement2 a :UserStatement;
    rdf:subject :UserX;
    rdf:predicate :schmemberOf;
    rdf:object :GroupY;
    :since "2022-05-11T11:32:52"^^xsd:dateTime.

:InorrectStatement3 a :UserStatement;
    rdf:subject :UserX;
    rdf:predicate :memberOf;
    rdf:object :GroupY.

# SHACL Shape
:UserStatementShape a sh:NodeShape;
    sh:targetClass :UserStatement;  
    sh:property                                       
        [sh:path rdf:type; sh:hasValue :UserStatement; sh:minCount 1; sh:maxCount 1],
        [sh:path rdf:subject; sh:class :User; sh:minCount 1; sh:maxCount 1],
        [sh:path rdf:predicate; sh:hasValue :memberOf; sh:minCount 1; sh:maxCount 1],
        [sh:path rdf:object; sh:class :Group; sh:minCount 1; sh:maxCount 1],
        [sh:path :since; sh:nodeKind sh:Literal; sh:datatype xsd:dateTime; sh:minCount 1; sh:maxCount 1];
    sh:closed true.

输出

将示例保存为test.ttl，install pyshacl pyshacl test.ttl，您将获得以下内容：

$ pyshacl test.ttl
Validation Report
Conforms: False
Results (3):
Constraint Violation in MinCountConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#MinCountConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:datatype xsd:dateTime ; sh:maxCount Literal("1", datatype=xsd:integer) ; sh:minCount Literal("1", datatype=xsd:integer) ; sh:nodeKind sh:Literal ; sh:path :since ]
    Focus Node: :InorrectStatement3
    Result Path: :since
    Message: Less than 1 values on :InorrectStatement3->:since
Constraint Violation in HasValueConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#HasValueConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:hasValue :memberOf ; sh:maxCount Literal("1", datatype=xsd:integer) ; sh:minCount Literal("1", datatype=xsd:integer) ; sh:path rdf:predicate ]
    Focus Node: :IncorrectStatement2
    Result Path: rdf:predicate
    Message: Node :IncorrectStatement2->rdf:predicate does not contain a value in the set: [':memberOf']
Constraint Violation in ClassConstraintComponent (http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#ClassConstraintComponent):
    Severity: sh:Violation
    Source Shape: [ sh:class :User ; sh:maxCount Literal("1", datatype=xsd:integer) ; sh:minCount Literal("1", datatype=xsd:integer) ; sh:path rdf:subject ]
    Focus Node: :IncorrectStatement1
    Value Node: :AdminX
    Result Path: rdf:subject
    Message: Value does not have class :User