使用Windows API制作多个Windows的最佳/理想方法是什么？

Question

我有一个带有一堆按钮的窗户。这些按钮上有文件的名称。当用户单击按钮时，我想打开该文件，读取它，将其写入编辑框并在屏幕上显示。我想删除所有按钮，然后制作一个编辑框。当用户按“主页”按钮时，我的程序应将其带到按钮页面。

到目前为止，我正在考虑使用DestroyWindow，然后创建一个新窗口。我不确定这是我应该做的。 （另外，我正在使用python，以防万一您想知道为什么我有python标签）

main.py

from os import listdir
from user32 import *
from button import Button
from pathlib import Path

hInst = windll.kernel32.GetModuleHandleW(0)
buttons = []

BTN_WIDTH = 300
BTN_HEIGHT = 100
LINES = 10

def window_proc(hwnd: HWND, umsg: UINT, wparam: WPARAM, lparam: LPARAM) -> LRESULT:
    si = SCROLLINFO()
    si_pointer = pointer(si)
    match umsg:
        case WindowMessage.CREATE:
            create_list_of_buttons(get_files(), hwnd)
        case WindowMessage.DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0)
            return 0
        
        case WindowMessage.SIZE:
            height = (HIWORD(lparam))
            width = (LOWORD(lparam))

            si.cbSize = sizeof(si)
            si.fMask = ScrollInfoMessage.RANGE | ScrollInfoMessage.PAGE
            si.nMin = 0
            print(width)
            si.nMax = BTN_HEIGHT * 5 - 60
            si.nPage = 1;
            SetScrollInfo(hwnd, ScrollBarConstants.VERT, si_pointer, True)

        case WindowMessage.COMMAND:
            if wparam >= 100:
                btn_clicked = ([button for button in buttons if button.hMenu == wparam])
                filename = btn_clicked[0].btn_text
                print(filename)
                rect = RECT()
                rect_p = pointer(rect)
                # print(GetClientRect(hwnd, rect_p))
                # print(rect.top, rect.bottom, rect.left, rect.right)
        case WindowMessage.VSCROLL:
            si.cbSize = sizeof(si)
            si.fMask = ScrollInfoMessage.ALL
            GetScrollInfo(hwnd, ScrollBarConstants.VERT, si_pointer)

            yPos = si.nPos
            match LOWORD(wparam).value:
                case ScrollBarCommands.LINEUP:
                    si.nPos -= 1
                case ScrollBarCommands.TOP:
                    si.nPos = si.nMin
                case ScrollBarCommands.BOTTOM:
                    si.nPos = si.nMax
                case ScrollBarCommands.LINEUP:
                    si.nPos -= 1
                case ScrollBarCommands.LINEDOWN:
                    si.nPos += 1
                case ScrollBarCommands.PAGEUP:
                    si.nPos -= si.nPage
                case ScrollBarCommands.PAGEDOWN:
                    si.nPos += si.nPage
                case ScrollBarCommands.THUMBTRACK:
                    si.nPos = si.nTrackPos

            si.fMask = ScrollInfoMessage.POS
            SetScrollInfo(hwnd, ScrollBarConstants.VERT, si_pointer, True)
            GetScrollInfo(hwnd, ScrollBarConstants.VERT, si_pointer)
            if(si.nPos != yPos):
                ScrollWindowEx(hwnd, -0, (yPos - si.nPos), None, None, None, None, 0x0001|0x0002)
                hdwp = BeginDeferWindowPos(1)
                recent_hdwp = DeferWindowPos(hdwp, hwnd, None,  0, 0, 100, 100, 0x0020|0x0004|0x0001|0x0002)
                EndDeferWindowPos(recent_hdwp)
                UpdateWindow(hwnd)

    return DefWindowProcW(hwnd, umsg, wparam, lparam)


def create_window(className, windowName):
    wnd_main = CreateWindowExW(
        0,
        className,
        windowName,
        WindowStyles.OVERLAPPED
        | WindowStyles.CAPTION
        | WindowStyles.SYSMENU
        | WindowStyles.THICKFRAME
        | WindowStyles.MINIMIZEBOX
        | WindowStyles.MAXIMIZEBOX
        | WindowStyles.CAPTION
        | WindowStyles.VSCROLL,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        CW_USEDEFAULT,
        600,
        600,
        0,
        0,
        hInst,
        0,
    )
    if not wnd_main:
        print("Window Creation Falid: ", GetLastError())
        return
    return wnd_main


def get_files():
    folder_path = Path(__file__).parent / "log"
    return [file for file in listdir(folder_path) if file.endswith(".txt")]

def create_list_of_buttons(filenames: list[str], parent_window):
    """
    Makes a list of button that have the file's name as their heading
    """
    x, y = 0, 0
    for button_id, filename in enumerate(filenames, 100):
        button = Button(filename, x, y, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT, parent_window, button_id)
        button.create_button()
        buttons.append(button)
        y += BTN_HEIGHT

    return buttons




def main():
    wclassName = ctypes.c_wchar_p("My")
    wname = ctypes.c_wchar_p("Left")
    wndClass = WNDCLASSEXW()
    wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEXW)
    wndClass.style = ClassStyles.HREDRAW | ClassStyles.VREDRAW
    wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WNDPROC(window_proc)
    wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0
    wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0
    wndClass.hInstance = hInst
    wndClass.hIcon = 0
    wndClass.hCursor = 0
    wndClass.hBrush = windll.gdi32.GetStockObject(0)
    wndClass.lpszMenuName = 0
    wndClass.lpszClassName = wclassName
    wndClass.hIconSm = 0
    RegisterClassExW(byref(wndClass))
    wnd_main = create_window(wclassName, wname)
    ShowWindow(wnd_main, 5)
    UpdateWindow(wnd_main)

    msg = MSG()
    lpmsg = pointer(msg)
    while (GetMessageW(lpmsg, 0, 0, 0)) != 0:
        TranslateMessage(lpmsg)
        DispatchMessageW(lpmsg)


main()

user32.py

import ctypes
import enum
from ctypes import *
from ctypes.wintypes import *

WNDPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(c_int, HWND, c_uint, WPARAM, LPARAM)
LRESULT = c_long
LONG_PTR = LPARAM
CW_USEDEFAULT = 0x80000000
WNDENUMPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(BOOL, HWND, LPARAM)
user32 = windll.user32


class WindowStyles(enum.IntFlag):
    BORDER = 0x00800000
    CAPTION = 0x00C00000
    CHILD = 0x40000000
    CHILDWINDOW = 0x40000000
    CLIPCHILDREN = 0x02000000
    CLIPSIBLINGS = 0x04000000
    DISABLED = 0x08000000
    DLGFRAME = 0x00400000
    GROUP = 0x00020000
    HSCROLL = 0x00100000
    ICONIC = 0x20000000
    MAXIMIZE = 0x01000000
    MAXIMIZEBOX = 0x00010000
    MINIMIZE = 0x20000000
    MINIMIZEBOX = 0x00020000
    OVERLAPPED = 0x00000000
    SYSMENU = 0x00080000
    THICKFRAME = 0x00040000
    TILED = 0x00000000
    VISIBLE = 0x10000000
    VSCROLL = 0x00200000
    SIZEBOX = 0x00040000
    TABSTOP = 0x00010000
    POPUP = 0x80000000
    TILEDWINDOW = (
        OVERLAPPED | CAPTION | SYSMENU | THICKFRAME | MINIMIZEBOX | MAXIMIZEBOX
    )
    OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = (
        OVERLAPPED | CAPTION | SYSMENU | THICKFRAME | MINIMIZEBOX | MAXIMIZEBOX
    )
    POPUPWINDOW = POPUP | BORDER | SYSMENU


class WindowMessage(enum.IntEnum):
    SETFOCUS = 0x0007
    KILLFOCUS = 0x0006
    ENABLE = 0x000A
    SETREDRAW = 0x000B
    SETTEXT = 0x000C
    SETFONT = 0x0030
    GETFONT = 0x0031
    GETTEXT = 0x000D
    GETTEXTLENGTH = 0x000E
    PAINT = 0x000F
    CLOSE = 0x00010
    QUIT = 0x0012
    SHOWWINDOW = 0x0018
    NULL = 0x0000
    CREATE = 0x0001
    DESTROY = 0x0002
    MOVE = 0x0003
    SIZE = 0x0005
    ACTIVATE = 0x0006
    COMMAND = 0x0111
    NOTIFY = 0x004E
    VSCROLL = 0x0115


class ClassStyles(enum.IntFlag):
    VREDRAW = 0x0001
    HREDRAW = 0x0002
    DBLCLKS = 0x0008
    OWNDC = 0x0020
    CLASSDC = 0x0040
    PARENTDC = 0x0080
    NOCLOSE = 0x0200
    SAVEBITS = 0x0800
    BYTEALIGNCLIENT = 0x1000
    BYTEALIGNWINDOW = 0x2000
    GLOBALCLASS = 0x4000


class ButtonStyle(enum.IntFlag):
    PUSHBUTTON = 0x00000000
    DEFPUSHBUTTON = 0x00000001
    CHECKBOX = 0x00000002
    AUTOCHECKBOX = 0x00000003
    RADIOBUTTON = 0x00000004
    _3STATE = 0x00000005
    AUTO3STATE = 0x00000006
    GROUPBOX = 0x00000007
    USERBUTTON = 0x00000008
    AUTORADIOBUTTON = 0x00000009
    PUSHBOX = 0x0000000A
    OWNERDRAW = 0x0000000B
    TYPEMASK = 0x0000000F
    LEFTTEXT = 0x00000020
    TEXT = 0x00000000
    ICON = 0x00000040
    BITMAP = 0x00000080
    LEFT = 0x00000100
    RIGHT = 0x00000200
    CENTER = 0x00000300
    TOP = 0x00000400
    BOTTOM = 0x00000800
    VCENTER = 0x00000C00
    PUSHLIKE = 0x00001000
    MULTILINE = 0x00002000
    NOTIFY = 0x00004000
    FLAT = 0x00008000
    RIGHTBUTTON = LEFTTEXT


class WNDCLASSEXW(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("cbSize", c_uint),
        ("style", c_uint),
        ("lpfnWndProc", WNDPROC),
        ("cbClsExtra", c_int),
        ("cbWndExtra", c_int),
        ("hInstance", HANDLE),
        ("hIcon", HANDLE),
        ("hCursor", HANDLE),
        ("hBrush", HANDLE),
        ("lpszMenuName", LPCWSTR),
        ("lpszClassName", LPCWSTR),
        ("hIconSm", HANDLE),
    ]


class MSG(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("hwnd", HWND),
        ("message", c_int),
        ("wParam", WPARAM),
        ("lParam", LPARAM),
        ("time", DWORD),
        ("pt", POINT),
        ("lPrivate", DWORD),
    ]


class GetWindowLong(enum.IntEnum):
    EXSTYLE = -20
    HINSTANCE = -6
    HWNDPARENT = -8
    ID = -12
    STYLE = -16
    USERDATA = -21
    WNDPROC = -4


class SCROLLINFO(Structure):
    _fields_ = [
        ("cbSize", UINT),
        ("fMask", UINT),
        ("nMin", c_int),
        ("nMax", c_int),
        ("nPage", UINT),
        ("nPos", c_int),
        ("nTrackPos", c_int),
    ]


class ScrollInfoMessage(enum.IntEnum):
    RANGE = 0x0001
    PAGE = 0x0002
    POS = 0x0004
    DISABLENOSCROLL = 0x0008
    TRACKPOS = 0x0010
    ALL = RANGE | PAGE | POS | TRACKPOS


class ScrollBarConstants(enum.IntEnum):
    HORZ = 0
    VERT = 1
    CTL = 2
    BOTH = 3


class ScrollBarCommands(enum.IntEnum):
    LINEUP = 0
    LINELEFT = 0
    LINEDOWN = 1
    LINERIGHT = 1
    PAGEUP = 2
    PAGELEFT = 2
    PAGEDOWN = 3
    PAGERIGHT = 3
    THUMBPOSITION = 4
    THUMBTRACK = 5
    TOP = 6
    LEFT = 6
    BOTTOM = 7
    RIGHT = 7
    ENDSCROLL = 8


def HIWORD(l):
    return WORD((l >> 16) & 0xFFFF)


def LOWORD(l):
    return WORD(l & 0xFFFF)


LPMSG = POINTER(MSG)
LPCSCROLLINFO = POINTER(SCROLLINFO)


DefWindowProcW = user32.DefWindowProcW
DefWindowProcW.argtypes = [HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM]
DefWindowProcW.restype = LRESULT

CreateWindowExW = user32.CreateWindowExW
CreateWindowExW.argtypes = [
    DWORD,
    LPCWSTR,
    LPCWSTR,
    DWORD,
    c_int,
    c_int,
    c_int,
    c_int,
    HWND,
    HMENU,
    HINSTANCE,
    LPVOID,
]
CreateWindowExW.restype = HWND


LPWNDCLASSW = POINTER(WNDCLASSEXW)
RegisterClassExW = user32.RegisterClassExW
RegisterClassExW.argtypes = [LPWNDCLASSW]
RegisterClassExW.restype = ATOM

ShowWindow = user32.ShowWindow
ShowWindow.argtypes = [HWND, c_int]
ShowWindow.restype = BOOL

UpdateWindow = user32.UpdateWindow
UpdateWindow.argtypes = [HWND]
UpdateWindow.restype = BOOL

GetMessageW = user32.GetMessageW
GetMessageW.argtypes = [LPMSG, HWND, UINT, UINT]
GetMessageW.restype = BOOL

TranslateMessage = user32.TranslateMessage
TranslateMessage.argtypes = [LPMSG]
TranslateMessage.restype = BOOL

DispatchMessageW = user32.DispatchMessageW
DispatchMessageW.argtypes = [LPMSG]
DispatchMessageW.restype = LRESULT

PostQuitMessage = user32.PostQuitMessage
PostQuitMessage.argtypes = [c_int]
PostQuitMessage.restype = None

GetWindowLongPtrW = user32.GetWindowLongPtrW
GetWindowLongPtrW.argtypes = [HWND, c_int]
GetWindowLongPtrW.restype = LONG_PTR

GetWindow = user32.GetWindow
GetWindow.argtypes = [HWND, UINT]
GetWindow.restype = HWND

ScrollWindowEx = user32.ScrollWindowEx
ScrollWindowEx.argtypes = [HWND, c_int, c_int, LPRECT, LPRECT, HRGN, LPRECT, UINT]
ScrollWindowEx.restype = int

SetScrollInfo = user32.SetScrollInfo
SetScrollInfo.argtypes = [HWND, c_int, LPCSCROLLINFO, BOOL]
SetScrollInfo.restype = int

GetScrollInfo = user32.GetScrollInfo
GetScrollInfo.argtypes = [HWND, c_int, LPCSCROLLINFO]
GetScrollInfo.restype = BOOL

GetClientRect = user32.GetClientRect
GetClientRect.argtypes = [HWND, LPRECT]
GetClientRect.restype = BOOL

BeginDeferWindowPos = user32.BeginDeferWindowPos
BeginDeferWindowPos.argtypes = [c_int]
BeginDeferWindowPos.restype = HDWP

DeferWindowPos = user32.DeferWindowPos
DeferWindowPos.argtypes = [HDWP, HWND, HWND, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_int, c_uint]
DeferWindowPos.restype = HDWP

EndDeferWindowPos = user32.EndDeferWindowPos
EndDeferWindowPos.argtypes = [HDWP]
EndDeferWindowPos.restype = BOOL

button.py

from ctypes.wintypes import HINSTANCE, HMENU, HWND, LPCWSTR, LPVOID
from dataclasses import dataclass
from ctypes import *

from user32 import (
    ButtonStyle,
    CreateWindowExW,
    GetWindowLongPtrW,
    WindowStyles,
    GetWindowLong,
)


@dataclass
class Button:
    btn_text: LPCWSTR
    x: c_int
    y: c_int
    width: c_int
    height: c_int
    hwnd_parent: HWND
    hMenu: HMENU

    def create_button(self):
        button = CreateWindowExW(
            0,
            "BUTTON",
            self.btn_text,
            WindowStyles.TABSTOP
            | WindowStyles.VISIBLE
            | WindowStyles.CHILD
            | ButtonStyle.PUSHBUTTON,
            self.x,
            self.y,
            self.width,
            self.height,
            self.hwnd_parent,
            HMENU(self.hMenu),
            cast(
                GetWindowLongPtrW(self.hwnd_parent, GetWindowLong.HINSTANCE), HINSTANCE
            ),
            None,
        )
        return button