嵌套类，访问内部类的私人成员

Question

我的目标是创建书籍课和书架课。这将是一个嵌套的班级，书架是外部的，书籍在内部阶级。如果我的书课中的所有数据成员都是公开的，那么我可以工作。但是，如果像我想要的那样是私有的，我由于我的print_bookshelf函数而无法工作。我会得到这些错误：

test.cpp: In member function 'void Bookshelf::print_bookshelf() const':
test.cpp:40:23: error: 'std::string Bookshelf::Book::title' is private within this context
   40 |             cout << e.title << ", " << e.author << ", " << e.pages << endl;
      |                       ^~~~~
test.cpp:16:20: note: declared private here
   16 |             string title {};
      |                    ^~~~~
test.cpp:40:42: error: 'std::string Bookshelf::Book::author' is private within this context
   40 |             cout << e.title << ", " << e.author << ", " << e.pages << endl;
      |                                          ^~~~~~
test.cpp:17:20: note: declared private here
   17 |             string author {};
      |                    ^~~~~~
test.cpp:40:62: error: 'int Bookshelf::Book::pages' is private within this context
   40 |             cout << e.title << ", " << e.author << ", " << e.pages << endl;
      |                                                              ^~~~~
test.cpp:18:17: note: declared private here
   18 |             int pages {};
      |                 ^~~~~

这是我的代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

class Bookshelf
{
public:
Bookshelf()
{}

 class Book
    {
    private:
            string title {};
            string author {};
            int pages {};
        
        public:
            Book(string const& t, string const& a, int const p)
                : title{t}, author{a}, pages{p}
            {}

            void print() const
            {
                cout << title << ", " << author << ", " << pages << endl;
            }
        };

    void add_book(Book const& b)
    {
    bookshelf.push_back(b);
    }

    void print_bookshelf () const
    {
        for (auto e : bookshelf)
        {
            cout << e.title << ", " << e.author << ", " << e.pages << endl;
        }
    }

    private:
        vector<Book> bookshelf {};
};

int main()
{
    Bookshelf::Book book_1("Hej", "Me", 100);
    Bookshelf::Book book_2("Yo", "Me", 150);
    Bookshelf bookshelf_1;
    book_1.print();
    bookshelf_1.add_book(book_1);
    bookshelf_1.add_book(book_2);

    bookshelf_1.print_bookshelf();

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

更改此功能

void print_bookshelf () const
{
    for (auto e : bookshelf)
    {
        cout << e.title << ", " << e.author << ", " << e.pages << endl;
    }
}

只需以以下方式

void print_bookshelf () const
{
    for ( const auto &e : bookshelf )
    {
       e.print();
    }
}

，您将避免代码重复，并使用类书籍的公共接口。