如何测试单身通用模板以确保线程安全？

Question

我如何制作单身通用模板， 我该如何测试？

现在，我有兴趣用自己的眼睛看到2个调用get_instance（）的线程将获得相同的指针到同一单身人士。

// g++ singleton.cpp -std=c++2a -pthread -o singleton
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <thread>
#include <chrono>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <future>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
struct Singleton
{
    Singleton(const Singleton &) = delete;
    Singleton &operator=(const Singleton &) = delete;

    static T &get_instance()
    {
        static T _{allow()};
        return _;
    }

private:
    struct allow
    {
    };

protected:
    Singleton(allow) {}
};

class A : public Singleton<A>
{
    using Singleton<A>::Singleton;
    // Rest of functionality for class A
};

int main()
{
    auto &x = Singleton<A>::get_instance();
    auto &y = A::get_instance();

    printf("%p\n", &x);
    printf("%p\n", &y);

    void *p1;
    void *p2;
    // thread worker1(Singleton<A>::get_instance);
    // thread worker2(Singleton<A>::get_instance);
    // worker1.join();
    // worker2.join();

    printf("%p\n", p1);
    printf("%p\n", p2);

    // compiler error
    // auto z = A();
}