用matplotlib在最初的3D图上动画3D表面

Question

我试图通过最初的3D图为3D表面进行动画动画。但是，在动画上保持最初的3D情节正在努力。我必须调用cla函数才能绘制新的表面，这将删除我的初始状态。

例如，我在保持X，Y，Z轴时具有表面动画。最终目标是绘制一次初始状态，并为表面进行动画。

可以创建情节层吗？将初始状态发送到一个层，动画将其发送到另一层？

导入matplotlib.pyplot作为PLT 导入numpy作为NP 来自matplotlib.Animation Import Funcanimation

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

def initialState(ax):
    s=1.15 
    x_axis = np.array([s*5, 0, 0])
    y_axis = np.array([0, s*5, 0])
    z_axis = np.array([0, 0, s*5])
    
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*x_axis,color = 'k',  alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*x_axis),'x',fontsize=10) 
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*y_axis, color = 'k', alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*y_axis),'y',fontsize=10) 
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*z_axis,color = 'k',  alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*z_axis),'z',fontsize=10)
    ax.set_xlim3d(-10, 10)
    ax.set_ylim3d(-5, 5)
    ax.set_zlim3d(-5, 5)

def plot(i):
    X = np.arange(-5+i, 5+i, 0.25)
    Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
    R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
    Z = np.sin(R)
    
    return [X,Y,Z]


def anime(i, ax, stepFactor):
    ax.cla()
    points = plot(i*stepFactor)
    ax.plot_surface(*points, alpha=0.5)
    ax.set_xlim3d(-10, 10)
    ax.set_ylim3d(-5, 5)
    ax.set_zlim3d(-5, 5)

        
animation = FuncAnimation(
                              fig,
                              anime,
                              init_func=initialState(ax),
                              frames=range(100),
                              fargs=(ax, 0.1)
                          )

感谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

这就是我要做的：在初始化方法末尾添加两个相同的表面（在t = 0）。这将在ax.Collections的最后两个位置中添加两个poly3dcollection。然后，ax.collections [-2]表示t = 0的表面，ax.Collections [-1]将被删除并在动画函数中读取：将表示t = i的表面。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

def initialState(ax):
    s=1.15 
    x_axis = np.array([s*5, 0, 0])
    y_axis = np.array([0, s*5, 0])
    z_axis = np.array([0, 0, s*5])
    
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*x_axis,color = 'k',  alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*x_axis),'x',fontsize=10) 
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*y_axis, color = 'k', alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*y_axis),'y',fontsize=10) 
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*z_axis,color = 'k',  alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*z_axis),'z',fontsize=10)
    # add the initial surface
    surf0 = ax.plot_surface(*plot(0), color="tab:blue")
    # add another copy of the initial surface: this will be removed (and later
    # added again) by the anim function.
    surf1 = ax.plot_surface(*plot(0), color="tab:blue")
    ax.set_xlim3d(-10, 10)
    ax.set_ylim3d(-5, 5)
    ax.set_zlim3d(-5, 5)

def plot(i):
    X = np.arange(-5+i, 5+i, 0.25)
    Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
    R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
    Z = np.sin(R)
    return [X,Y,Z]


def anime(i, stepFactor):
    points = plot(i*stepFactor)
    # remove the last surface added in the previous iteration
    # (or in the init function)
    ax.collections[-1].remove()
    anim_surf = ax.plot_surface(*points, color="tab:blue", alpha=0.5)
  
animation = FuncAnimation(
    fig,
    anime,
    init_func=initialState(ax),
    frames=range(100),
    fargs=(0.1, )
)
plt.show()

编辑：第二个解决方案可容纳评论：您还可以在全局名称空间中添加表面，就像我在下面使用surf_to_update所做的那样。然后，内部动漫您必须使用全局surf_to_update。这不是最好的解决方案，但是比跟踪您添加/更新的所有内容绝对容易。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 7))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

surf_to_update = ax.plot_surface(*plot(0), color="tab:blue")

def initialState(ax):
    s=1.15 
    x_axis = np.array([s*5, 0, 0])
    y_axis = np.array([0, s*5, 0])
    z_axis = np.array([0, 0, s*5])
    
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*x_axis,color = 'k',  alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*x_axis),'x',fontsize=10) 
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*y_axis, color = 'k', alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*y_axis),'y',fontsize=10) 
    ax.quiver(0,0,0,*z_axis,color = 'k',  alpha =1, arrow_length_ratio=0.05)
    ax.text(*(s*z_axis),'z',fontsize=10)
    # add the initial surface
    surf0 = ax.plot_surface(*plot(0), color="tab:blue")
    
    ax.set_xlim3d(-10, 10)
    ax.set_ylim3d(-5, 5)
    ax.set_zlim3d(-5, 5)

def plot(i):
    X = np.arange(-5+i, 5+i, 0.25)
    Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
    X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
    R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
    Z = np.sin(R)
    return [X,Y,Z]


def anime(i, stepFactor):
    global surf_to_update
    points = plot(i*stepFactor)
    # remove the last surface added in the previous iteration
    # (or in the init function)
    surf_to_update.remove()
    surf_to_update = ax.plot_surface(*points, color="tab:blue", alpha=0.5)
  
animation = FuncAnimation(
    fig,
    anime,
    init_func=initialState(ax),
    frames=range(100),
    fargs=(0.1, )
)
plt.show()