Visual Studio C＆＃x2B;＆＃x2B;当我最大化窗口D3D11和D2D1时，如何阻止图像被缩放错误

Question

因此，我试图弄清我如何用直接内容渲染图像的问题。现在，它可以用DXGISWAPCHAIN使用D3D11，并且我制作了一个ID2D1RenderTarget，我绘制了使用位图。我的问题是，当我点击窗口上的“最大化”按钮时，我的图像关闭了，或者至少是使用getClientRect抓住的窗口中的数据（其他看起来都足够近，但可能仍然关闭，我想能够能够使用客户空间来扩展并以后绘制内容）。当窗口的高度和宽度通过getClientRect抓住时，我有一个D2D1 :: RECTF设置，左上角为0.0F，右下是右下角（以及其他一些只是为了额外的欺骗）。环顾四周，看来我需要称呼重新创建ID2D1RenderTarget和/或调整缓冲区大小。在制作包含位图的对象和吸引它们的功能之前，调用函数以重新创建ID2D1RenderTarget，这根本无济于事。我尝试调整缓冲区的大小，但我一直遇到错误，第一组是关于参数的，但是在解决我意识到我需要释放对象之前他们有问题。 client.h正在调用一个例外：未签名的long internalRelease（）函数“访问违规执行位置”。这是在调整缓冲区和目标的功能时发生的。因此，现在我为了获得理想的效果而迷失了方向。只需注意的其他内容是我制作的ID3D11RenderTargetView用于清除颜色，因为我在调用Clear（d2d1 :: Colorf（d2d1 :: colorf :: colorf :: white）中遇到了错误（d2d1 :: white :: white））;在我的ID2D1RenderTarget上。我不在乎解决此问题是否大大化ID3DD11RenderTargetView的大小，除非它会提高程序的速度或防止其他地方的某种不可预见的问题，因为我不打算为此使用它。如果我可以在ID2D1RENDERTARGET上进行清楚，而不再需要ID311RenderTargetView并保持Swapchain，同时解决也可以正常工作的问题。另外，我打算接下来要制定全屏模式，以便使用该方法也非常需要。我也愿意在这里接受任何其他建议，虽然没有抛光，并且只是以一种使事情首先工作的形式，但即使整理好事，我也可能会错过事情。无论如何，这是代码：

这是我制作Swapchain，“缓冲区”和“ RenderTargets”等图形课程，以及我尝试重置缓冲区的功能。旁注，我在这里的路上遵循了一些教程，以使我了解足够多的直接内容，以便到达这里，直到我研究Microsoft上的东西，并在某种程度上了解它以解决我遇到的问题。无论如何，其中一个经历了一些例外，这就是诸如graphic_throw_failure（）之类的东西。 （尽管我做错了，或者错误正在做某事，但我看不到弹出窗口的一半时间，有时它在异常代码中停止，但我仍然可以阅读消息

//not in the cpp file but just how some variables exist for clarity.
private:
    
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Device> pDevice = nullptr;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr < IDXGISwapChain> pSwapChain = nullptr;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr < ID3D11DeviceContext> pContext = nullptr;
    Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr < ID3D11RenderTargetView> pRTarget = nullptr;
    ID2D1RenderTarget* p2dRenderTarget = nullptr;
    ID2D1Factory* p2DFactory = nullptr;
    

Graphics::Graphics(HWND hwnd) {
    
    DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swapchainDesc = {};
    ZeroMemory(&swapchainDesc, sizeof(DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC));
    swapchainDesc.Windowed = true;
    swapchainDesc.BufferCount = 1;
    swapchainDesc.BufferDesc.Height = 0;
    swapchainDesc.BufferDesc.Width = 0;
    swapchainDesc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM;
    swapchainDesc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
    swapchainDesc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
    swapchainDesc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_DISCARD;
    swapchainDesc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
    swapchainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Numerator = 1;
    swapchainDesc.BufferDesc.RefreshRate.Denominator = 60;
    swapchainDesc.OutputWindow = hwnd;
    HRESULT hre;
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(
        nullptr,
        D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_HARDWARE,
        nullptr,
        D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_SUPPORT,
        levels,
        4,
        D3D11_SDK_VERSION,
        &swapchainDesc,
        &pSwapChain,
        &pDevice,
        nullptr,
        &pContext
    ));

  
   
    
   //3Dbuffer setup
    wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Resource> p3dbuffer = nullptr;
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Resource), &p3dbuffer));
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(p3dbuffer.Get(), nullptr, &pRTarget));

    //2D buffer Setup
    

    IDXGISurface* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0,IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer)));

    //makes 2d Factory
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &p2DFactory));
    
    //sets up DXGI buffer for 2d
    FLOAT dpi;
    dpi = GetDpiForWindow(hwnd);
    //p2DFactory->GetDesktopDpi(&dpiX, &dpiY);

    D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES p2dRTprops =
        D2D1::RenderTargetProperties(
            D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_TYPE_DEFAULT,
            D2D1::PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED),
            dpi,
            dpi
        );
        

    Graphic_Throw_Failure(p2DFactory->CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget(
        pBackBuffer, &p2dRTprops, &p2dRenderTarget

    ));

    

    if(pBackBuffer!=nullptr)
    pBackBuffer->Release();
}



//the adjusting function I failed to make. could also be missing somethings I need to clear before
//calling ResizeBuffers


void Graphics::adjustRenderTargets(HWND hwnd) {
  HRESULT hre;


    pContext->ClearState();
    p2dRenderTarget->Release();
    pRTarget->Release();

    //3Dbuffer setup
    wrl::ComPtr<ID3D11Resource> p3dbuffer = nullptr;
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, __uuidof(ID3D11Resource), &p3dbuffer));
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(pDevice->CreateRenderTargetView(p3dbuffer.Get(), nullptr, &pRTarget));

    //2D buffer Setup


    IDXGISurface* pBackBuffer = nullptr;
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(pSwapChain->GetBuffer(0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pBackBuffer)));

    //makes 2d Factory
    Graphic_Throw_Failure(D2D1CreateFactory(D2D1_FACTORY_TYPE_SINGLE_THREADED, &p2DFactory));

    //sets up DXGI buffer for 2d
    FLOAT dpi;
    dpi = GetDpiForWindow(hwnd);
    //p2DFactory->GetDesktopDpi(&dpiX, &dpiY);

    D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_PROPERTIES p2dRTprops =
        D2D1::RenderTargetProperties(
            D2D1_RENDER_TARGET_TYPE_DEFAULT,
            D2D1::PixelFormat(DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, D2D1_ALPHA_MODE_PREMULTIPLIED),
            dpi,
            dpi
        );


    Graphic_Throw_Failure(p2DFactory->CreateDxgiSurfaceRenderTarget(
        pBackBuffer, &p2dRTprops, &p2dRenderTarget

    ));



    if (pBackBuffer != nullptr)
        pBackBuffer->Release();
    
};
//and the destructor in case there is something still wrong there though 
//currently not giving me issues since I set the objects in it to nullptr after releasing it. 
//didn't work for the ComPtr.

  Graphics::~Graphics() {
        if (p2DFactory != nullptr) {
            p2DFactory->Release();
        }

        if (p2dRenderTarget != nullptr) {
            p2dRenderTarget->Release();
        }
    }

）与他们打交道并绘制它们。我再次为此类别做了一些例外，

//some variables in the header file
ID2D1Bitmap* Bittmap=nullptr;
     Graphics* GFX;

Sprites::Sprites(const wchar_t* filename, Graphics* gfx) {
    
    HRESULT hre;
    GFX = gfx;


    //makes WIC Factory
    
    IWICImagingFactory* WICfactory = NULL;
    Sprite_Throw_Failure(CoCreateInstance(
        CLSID_WICImagingFactory,
        NULL,
        CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
        IID_IWICImagingFactory,
        (LPVOID*)&WICfactory
    ));

    //Makes the Decoder

    IWICBitmapDecoder* WICdecode = NULL;
    Sprite_Throw_Failure(WICfactory->CreateDecoderFromFilename(
        filename,
        NULL,
        GENERIC_READ,
        WICDecodeMetadataCacheOnLoad,
        &WICdecode
    ));
    
    //Read the frame (should be only one so read the image)
    IWICBitmapFrameDecode* WICframe = NULL;
    Sprite_Throw_Failure(WICdecode->GetFrame(0, &WICframe));

    //Format converter
    IWICFormatConverter* WICconverter = NULL;
    Sprite_Throw_Failure(WICfactory->CreateFormatConverter(&WICconverter));

    //makes the converter set up to create a 32bpp BGRA bitmap
    Sprite_Throw_Failure(WICconverter->Initialize(
        WICframe,
        GUID_WICPixelFormat32bppPBGRA,
        WICBitmapDitherTypeNone,
        NULL,
        0.0,
        WICBitmapPaletteTypeCustom
    ));

    //makes the bitmap
    
    Sprite_Throw_Failure(GFX->Get2DRenderTarget()->CreateBitmapFromWicBitmap(
    WICconverter,
    NULL,
    &Bittmap
    ));

    if (WICfactory) WICfactory->Release();
    if (WICdecode) WICdecode->Release();
    if (WICconverter)WICconverter->Release();
    if (WICframe)WICframe->Release();

}
//draws the sprites
void Sprites::Draw(D2D1_RECT_F location) {
    HRESULT hre;
    GFX->Get2DRenderTarget()->BeginDraw();
    GFX->Get2DRenderTarget()->DrawBitmap(
        Bittmap,
        location, //destination rect
        1.0f, //opacity
        D2D1_BITMAP_INTERPOLATION_MODE::D2D1_BITMAP_INTERPOLATION_MODE_NEAREST_NEIGHBOR,
        D2D1::RectF(
            1980.0f, 2850.0f, 3000.0f, 
            3600.0f) //source rect
        );
    

    Sprite_Throw_Failure(GFX->Get2DRenderTarget()-> EndDraw());
}


Sprites::~Sprites() {
    //bitmapsheet.clear();
    if (Bittmap != nullptr) {
        Bittmap->Release();
    }



}

这是主循环处理的类是我制作和管理窗口的窗口类。我在这里使用它来获取具有所有直接内容的窗口使用的图形对象。这是一些出现的变量，请原谅鲍勃这个名字。

//in header file
private:
    Window wnd;

//in cpp file
Sprites* testsprite;
Sprites* testsprite2;
D2D1_RECT_F bob;

在我渲染的部分过程中，在程序的持续时间内反复调用的功能中：

//inefficient constant adjusting of rendering just so I can quickly assess 
//the change and make sure it works so when I implement how I intend the windows to be scaled it 
//will already be done
  wnd.GFX().adjustRenderTargets(wnd.getwindowhandle());

//clearing the ID3D11RenderTargetView to a color
  wnd.GFX().ClearBuffer(0.3f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
//drawing calls



       
        const wchar_t* filename = L"\environmentsketches 02.png";

        //this creates a Sprites object getGraphix returns the a pointer to the graphics object
        //only really used to get the ID2D1RenderTarget but I may use it for other things, will
        //remove later if not needed and just pass the render target unless issues arise.
        testsprite = new Sprites(filename, wnd.GFX().getGraphix());

      
        bob = D2D1::RectF(
            0.0f, 0.0f, wnd.getwindowWidth(),
            wnd.getwindowHeight());
         //This draws the bitmap of a predetermined portion of the image but uses bob to
         // to determine where to draw the bitmap  
        testsprite->Draw(bob);

        bob = D2D1::RectF(
            0.0f, 0.0f, wnd.getwindowWidth()/(16.0f/9.0f),
            wnd.getwindowHeight());

       testsprite->Draw(bob);


        filename= L"\envrioment sketch march 1.png";
        bob = D2D1::RectF(
            100.0f, 100.0f, 600.f,
            300.f);
        
        testsprite2 = new Sprites(filename, wnd.GFX().getGraphix());
        testsprite2->Draw(bob);

        //EndFrame just calls present on the IDXGISwapChain
        wnd.GFX().EndFrame();
        testsprite->~Sprites();
        testsprite2->~Sprites();

如果您阅读了此信息，请感谢您，并感谢您提供的任何建议。

Answer 1

不要迟到或疲倦。因此，我意识到的第一件事是在此处发布代码时，我忘了将swapchain-＆gt; resizeBuffers的调用（0，宽度，高度，dxgi_format_unknown，0））是错误。我将指针从Smart更改为常规，为此手动管理其发行版，但是更重要的是，最后一个参数不是0，它是D3D11_CREATE_DEVICE_BGRA_BGRA_SUPPORT，而不是适当的Swapchain Flag，而不是读书（我相信DXGI_SWAP_SWAP_CHAP_CHAP_CHAP_FLAG_FLAG_DISPLAY_ONLY）我无法使用它是因为我如何使自己的Swapchain导致错误，但它只是没有运行。

在解决问题的所有解决方案中，是释放渲染目标（我制作目标后已经发布了缓冲区），调整缓冲区大小，然后重新制作ID2D1RendArget。只是不要在其中放置错误的旗帜（或确保在将其发布以表示对错误的反馈时，可能会被其他人抓住。）