阶级继承和导入 - python

Question

这可能有点长，但我对导入我的父母和孩子课程感到不知所措。

我有一种感觉，在应用类名称时，我的大小写不正确。我收到错误：

TypeError: Student.__init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'age' and 'major'

非常感谢任何帮助。

StudentAdder.py（主类）

import pickle
from sre_constants import SUCCESS
from tkinter import *
from tkinter import messagebox
from student import Student
from person import Person

#main method
def main():

    studentList = []
    #load the list from a pickle file
    with open("student.pickle", "rb") as f:
        studentList = pickle.load(f)

    #addStudent method to append Input to list
    def addStudent():
        name = "name"
        age = "age"
        major = "major"
        name = nameInput.get()
        age = ageInput.get()
        major = majorInput.get()
        studentList.append(Student(name, age, major))
        #save list to pickle file
        with open("student.pickle", "wb") as f:
            pickle.dump(studentList, f)

    #displays a success message upon adding a student
    def onClick():
        messagebox.showinfo("SUCCESS", "Student Added!")

    #create a GUI
    window = Tk()
    window.title("Add a Student")
    window.geometry("325x175")
  
    #create labels and text boxes for each value
    nameLabel = Label(window, text="Name:")
    ageLabel = Label(window, text="Age:")
    majorLabel = Label(window, text="Major:")

    nameInput = StringVar()
    ageInput = StringVar()
    majorInput = StringVar()

    #create grid for labels
    nameLabel.grid(row=0, column=0)
    ageLabel.grid(row=1, column=0)
    majorLabel.grid(row=2, column=0)

    #create input boxes for each value
    nameInput = Entry(window, width = 25)
    ageInput = Entry(window, width = 25)
    majorInput = Entry(window, width = 25)

    #create grid for input boxes
    nameInput.grid(row=0, column=1)
    ageInput.grid(row=1, column=1)
    majorInput.grid(row=2, column=1)

    #create a save button to save the student -- binds commands to button
    saveButton = Button(window, text="Save", command= lambda: [addStudent(), onClick()])
    saveButton.grid(row=3, column=1)

    #create quit button
    quitButton = Button(window, text="Quit", command= window.destroy)
    quitButton.grid(row=4, column=1)

    #start the GUI
    window.mainloop()

    #print the list
    print()
    for student in studentList:
        print(student)

    print()

main()

person.py（父类）

#create a parent class
class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def getName(self):
        return self.name

    def getAge(self):
        return self.age

    def setName(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def setAge(self, age):
        self.age = age

    def __str__(self):
        return "Person: " + self.name + " " + str(self.age)

student.py（子类）

from person import Person

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, major):
        Student(Person).__init__(self, name, age, major)
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.major = major

    def getMajor(self):
        return self.major

    def setMajor(self, major):
        self.major = major

    def __str__(self):
        return "Student: " + self.name + \
            ", Age: " + str(self.age) + \
            ", Major: " + self.major

Answer 1

看起来你的错误是在student.py中的这一行：

Student(Person).__init__(self, name, age, major)

代码Student(Person)正在尝试创建一个新的Student实例，但你只传递一个参数(Person code>），而不是必需的三个（name、age 和 major）。这就是为什么您会在错误消息中看到缺少 2 个必需的位置参数：“age”和“major”。

但是，看起来您实际上是在尝试调用父类的 __init__ 方法。您可以这样做：

super().__init__(name, age)

请注意，我没有指定 major 参数，因为 Person 类不接受它作为参数。此外，Person 类的 __init__ 方法已经存储了 name 和 age 参数，因此您不需要需要在 Student.__init__ 中执行此操作。因此，您可以将 Student.__init__ 更改为以下内容：

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, major):
        super().__init__(name, age)
        self.major = major

或者，如果您不想依赖 Person.__init__，您可以省略 super () 自己调用并设置所有属性：

class Student(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, age, major):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.major = major