为什么序列化包含循环自引用的 lambda 表达式的顺序很重要并且可能引发 ClassCastException？

Question

当反序列化 lambda 表达式（通过其表达式参数对其自身包含循环引用）时，java8 会抛出 ClassCastException 。

仅当 lambda 在创建循环引用的对象之前序列化时才会引发异常。

在 openjdk 版本“1.8.0_292”和“11.0.14.1”上测试。请查找有关如何重现的测试代码：

import java.io.*;

public class TestLambdaSerialization
{
    interface SerRunnable extends Runnable, Serializable
    {
    }

    static class A implements Serializable
    {
        SerRunnable runnable;

        A()
        {
            runnable = () -> System.out.println(this);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
    {
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.version"));
        A a = new A();
        serializeDeserialize(a);
        serializeDeserialize(a.runnable);
    }

    public static void serializeDeserialize(Object o1) throws Exception
    {
        System.out.printf("Starting object %s%n", o1);
        try (ByteArrayOutputStream outBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
             ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(outBytes)) {
            out.writeObject(o1);
            out.flush();
            try (ByteArrayInputStream inBytes = new ByteArrayInputStream(outBytes.toByteArray());
                ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(inBytes)) {
                Object o2 = in.readObject();
                System.out.printf("Deserialized object %s%n", o2);
            }
            catch (ClassCastException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

输出：

1.8.0_292
Starting object TestLambdaSerialization$A@b4c966a
Deserialized object TestLambdaSerialization$A@7106e68e
Starting object TestLambdaSerialization$A$$Lambda$1/1480010240@34a245ab
java.lang.ClassCastException: cannot assign instance of java.lang.invoke.SerializedLambda to field TestLambdaSerialization$A.runnable of type TestLambdaSerialization$SerRunnable in instance of TestLambdaSerialization$A
    at java.io.ObjectStreamClass$FieldReflector.setObjFieldValues(ObjectStreamClass.java:2301)
    at java.io.ObjectStreamClass.setObjFieldValues(ObjectStreamClass.java:1431)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:2411)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:2329)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2187)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1667)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readArray(ObjectInputStream.java:2093)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1655)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.defaultReadFields(ObjectInputStream.java:2405)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readSerialData(ObjectInputStream.java:2329)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readOrdinaryObject(ObjectInputStream.java:2187)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject0(ObjectInputStream.java:1667)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:503)
    at java.io.ObjectInputStream.readObject(ObjectInputStream.java:461)
    at TestLambdaSerialization.serializeDeserialize(TestLambdaSerialization.java:36)
    at TestLambdaSerialization.main(TestLambdaSerialization.java:24)

对象 a 的反序列化不会引发异常，当 lambda 表达式为起点时，会引发 ClassCastException 。

lambda 表达式的序列化顺序重要吗？如果是，除了避免 lambda（用匿名内部类替换它们）之外，还有其他解决方法吗？