如何修复代码中的 HTTP 错误 400？

Question

我正在尝试用 NodeMCU8266 制作一个 rfid 考勤系统。

由于我的编码经验为零，因此我在网上获取了一些代码并在朋友的帮助下对其进行了修改。

下面的代码扫描 rfid 卡中的数据，然后使用 Google Apps 脚本连接到 Google Sheet。该代码将在串行监视器中显示网络应用程序 URL，该监视器将自动将数据发送到 google 表格。但是，我不断收到 HTTPS GET：代码 400 错误，并且数据未发送到 google 表格。但是，当手动粘贴到地址栏中时，串行监视器中显示的 Web 应用程序 URL 可以正常工作。

我尝试过使用 url 指纹和 client.SetInsecure 但无论我使用什么，它都不起作用。有什么想法可能是错的吗？非常感谢您的帮助！

#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266HTTPClient.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>
#include <WiFiClientSecureBearSSL.h>
//-----------------------------------------------------------
const String web_app_url = "ENTER WEB APP URL HERE";
//-----------------------------------------------------------
#define WIFI_SSID "SSID"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "PASSWORD"
//-----------------------------------------------------------
int blocks[] = {4,5,6,8,9,10,12,13,14,18};
#define blocks_len  (sizeof(blocks) / sizeof(blocks[0]))
//-----------------------------------------------------------
//GPIO 0 --> D3
//GPIO 2 --> D4
//GPIO 4 --> D2
#define RST_PIN  D3
#define SS_PIN   D4
#define BUZZER   D0
#define GreenLed D1 //When WIFI is connected, LED ON.
#define YellowLed D8 // When CARD is scanned, LED ON.
#define RedLed D2 //When NODEMCU is not connected to WIFI, LED ON
//-----------------------------------------
MFRC522 mfrc522(SS_PIN, RST_PIN);
MFRC522::MIFARE_Key key;
MFRC522::StatusCode status;      
//-----------------------------------------
/* Be aware of Sector Trailer Blocks */
int blockNum = 2;  
/* Create another array to read data from Block */
/* Legthn of buffer should be 2 Bytes more than the size of Block (16 Bytes) */
byte bufferLen = 18;
byte readBlockData[18];
//-----------------------------------------
// Fingerprint for demo URL, expires on ‎Monday, ‎May ‎2, ‎2022 7:20:58 AM, needs to be updated well before this date
//const uint8_t fingerprint[20] = {0xb3 0x3f 0xf3 0xe4 0x5f 0x76 0x59 0x2e 0xf9 0xa2 0x0b 0xf7 0x99 0x5e 0x44 0x89 0x21 0x4d 0x2e 0x22};
//const uint8_t fingerprint[20] = {0xb3, 0x3f, 0xf3, 0xe4, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x59, 0x2e, 0xf9, 0xa2, 0x0b, 0xf7, 0x99, 0x5e, 0x44, 0x89, 0x21, 0x4d, 0x2e, 0x22};
//0x9a 0x71 0xde 0xe7 0x1a 0xb2 0x2c 0xab 0x4f 0x23 0x64 0x9a 0xbc 0xef 0x62 0x56 0x20 0x4e 0x43 c
//0x9a, 0x71, 0xde,0xe7, 0x1a, 0xb2, 0x25, 0xca, 0xb4, 0xf2, 0x36, 0x49, 0xab, 0xce, 0xf6, 0x25, 0x62, 0x04, 0xe4, 0x3c
//0xb3 0x3f 0xf3 0xe4 0x5f 0x76 0x59 0x2e 0xf9 0xa2 0x0b 0xf7 0x99 0x5e 0x44 0x89 0x21 0x4d 0x2e 0x22  -LATEST
//b33ff3e45f76592ef9a20bf7995e4489214d2e22
//-----------------------------------------





/****************************************************************************************************
 * setup() function
 ****************************************************************************************************/
void setup()
{
  Serial.begin(9600);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_OFF);        //Prevents reconnection issue (taking too long to connect)
  delay(1000);
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);        //This line hides the viewing of ESP as wifi hotspot
  
  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);     //Connect to your WiFi router
  Serial.println("");

  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
  Serial.print(WIFI_SSID);
  // Wait for connection
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }

  //If connection successful show IP address in serial monitor
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("Connected");
  digitalWrite(GreenLed, HIGH);
  Serial.print("IP address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());  //IP address assigned to your ESP


  //--------------------------------------------------
  /* pin outputs */
  pinMode(BUZZER, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(GreenLed, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(YellowLed, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(RedLed, OUTPUT);
  //--------------------------------------------------
  /* Initialize SPI bus */
  SPI.begin();
  //--------------------------------------------------
    
}




/****************************************************************************************************
 * loop() function
 ****************************************************************************************************/
 void loop()
{
  if(WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED){
    WiFi.disconnect();
    WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
    Serial.print("Reconnecting to ");
    digitalWrite(RedLed, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(GreenLed,LOW);
    Serial.println(WIFI_SSID);
    WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);

  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
    Serial.println("");
    Serial.println("Connected");
    digitalWrite(RedLed, LOW);
    digitalWrite(GreenLed, HIGH);
    Serial.print("IP address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());  //IP address assigned to your ESP
  }
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /* Initialize MFRC522 Module */
  mfrc522.PCD_Init();
  /* Look for new cards */
  /* Reset the loop if no new card is present on RC522 Reader */
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) {return;}
  /* Select one of the cards */
  if ( ! mfrc522.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) {return;}
  /* Read data from the same block */
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println(F("Reading last data from RFID..."));  
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------
   String fullURL = "", temp;
  for (byte i = 0; i < blocks_len; i++) {
    ReadDataFromBlock(blocks[i], readBlockData);
    if(i == 0){
      temp = String((char*)readBlockData);
      temp.trim();
      fullURL = "data" + String(i) + "=" + temp;
    }
    else{
      temp = String((char*)readBlockData);
      temp.trim();
      fullURL += "&data" + String(i) + "=" + temp;
    }
  }

  //Serial.println(fullURL);
  fullURL.trim();
  fullURL = web_app_url + "?" + fullURL;
  fullURL.trim();
  Serial.println(fullURL);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------
digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
digitalWrite(YellowLed,HIGH);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(BUZZER, HIGH);
      delay(100);
      digitalWrite(YellowLed, LOW);
      digitalWrite(BUZZER, LOW);
      delay(100);
  //------------------------------------------------------------------------
//MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
   if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    std::unique_ptr<BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure>client(new BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure);
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    //uncomment following line, if you want to use the SSL certificate
    //client->setFingerprint(fingerprint);
    //or uncomment following line, if you want to ignore the SSL certificate
    client->setInsecure();
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HTTPClient https;
    Serial.print(F("[HTTPS] begin...\n"));
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    //NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
    if (https.begin(*client, (String)fullURL)){
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------
      // HTTP
      Serial.print(F("[HTTPS] GET...\n"));
      // start connection and send HTTP header
      int httpCode = https.GET();
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------
      // httpCode will be negative on error
      if (httpCode > 0) {
        // HTTP header has been send and Server response header has been handled
        Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... code: %d\n", httpCode);
        // file found at server
      }
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------
      else 
      {Serial.printf("[HTTPS] GET... failed, error: %s\n", https.errorToString(httpCode).c_str());}
      //-----------------------------------------------------------------
      https.end();
      delay(1000);
    }
    //NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
    else {
      Serial.printf("[HTTPS} Unable to connect\n");
    }
    //NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
  }
  //MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
}




/****************************************************************************************************
 * ReadDataFromBlock() function
 ****************************************************************************************************/
void ReadDataFromBlock(int blockNum, byte readBlockData[]) 
{ 
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /* Prepare the ksy for authentication */
  /* All keys are set to FFFFFFFFFFFFh at chip delivery from the factory */
  for (byte i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
    key.keyByte[i] = 0xFF;
  }
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /* Authenticating the desired data block for Read access using Key A */
  status = mfrc522.PCD_Authenticate(MFRC522::PICC_CMD_MF_AUTH_KEY_A, blockNum, &key, &(mfrc522.uid));
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------s
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK){
     Serial.print("Authentication failed for Read: ");
     Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
     return;
  }
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  else {
    Serial.println("Authentication success");
  }
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  /* Reading data from the Block */
  status = mfrc522.MIFARE_Read(blockNum, readBlockData, &bufferLen);
  if (status != MFRC522::STATUS_OK) {
    Serial.print("Reading failed: ");
    Serial.println(mfrc522.GetStatusCodeName(status));
    return;
  }
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  else {
    readBlockData[16] = ' ';
    readBlockData[17] = ' ';
    Serial.println("Block was read successfully");  
  }
  //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
}