如果任务后面跟着task.start(),如何编写单元测试?
在程序中,我们有:
var task1 = some task;
task1.start()
如果模拟任务结果在单位测试中,则在调用start()之前立即通过模拟机制返回结果,并且提高“开始”的任务不可能在完成的任务上调用”例外。
如何解决该问题并构成有效的单元测试?
在此处粘贴简化的示例代码,以清楚起见,这会产生上述例外:
namespace TestTaskStart
{
public class TestMethods : ITestMethods
{
public async Task<int> AlwaysReturnOne(int number)
{
return await Task.FromResult(1);
}
}
}
namespace TestTaskStart {
public class TestInvoker
{
private ITestMethods testMethods;
public TestInvoker(ITestMethods testMethods)
{
this.testMethods = testMethods;
}
public async Task<int> GetANumberWrapperTask(int number)
{
// just an exmple of one tasks to be called
var task = this.testMethods.AlwaysReturnOne(number);
task.Start();
Task.WaitAll(task);
return task.Result;
}
}
}
namespace TestTaskStart {
[TestClass]
public class UnitTests
{
ITestMethods numberGetter;
TestInvoker testInvoker;
[TestInitialize]
public void Setup()
{
this.numberGetter = Substitute.For<ITestMethods>();
this.testInvoker = new TestInvoker(this.numberGetter);
}
[TestMethod]
public void TestGetANumberWrapper()
{
this.MockAlwaysReturnOneResult();
var result = testInvoker.GetANumberWrapperTask(5).Result;
}
private void MockAlwaysReturnOneResult()
{
this.numberGetter.AlwaysReturnOne(Arg.Any<int>()).Returns(1);
}
}
}
In program, we have:
var task1 = some task;
task1.start()
If mock the task result in unit test, the result is returned by mock mechanism immediately before calling the start(), and raise "Start may not be called on a task that has completed" exception.
How to address that issue and compose a valid unit test?
Paste a simplified sample code here for clarity, which produces the above exception:
namespace TestTaskStart
{
public class TestMethods : ITestMethods
{
public async Task<int> AlwaysReturnOne(int number)
{
return await Task.FromResult(1);
}
}
}
namespace TestTaskStart {
public class TestInvoker
{
private ITestMethods testMethods;
public TestInvoker(ITestMethods testMethods)
{
this.testMethods = testMethods;
}
public async Task<int> GetANumberWrapperTask(int number)
{
// just an exmple of one tasks to be called
var task = this.testMethods.AlwaysReturnOne(number);
task.Start();
Task.WaitAll(task);
return task.Result;
}
}
}
namespace TestTaskStart {
[TestClass]
public class UnitTests
{
ITestMethods numberGetter;
TestInvoker testInvoker;
[TestInitialize]
public void Setup()
{
this.numberGetter = Substitute.For<ITestMethods>();
this.testInvoker = new TestInvoker(this.numberGetter);
}
[TestMethod]
public void TestGetANumberWrapper()
{
this.MockAlwaysReturnOneResult();
var result = testInvoker.GetANumberWrapperTask(5).Result;
}
private void MockAlwaysReturnOneResult()
{
this.numberGetter.AlwaysReturnOne(Arg.Any<int>()).Returns(1);
}
}
}
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Task.Start
方法只能在“冷”任务上调用,换句话说,在尚未启动的任务上调用。此类任务只能使用Task
构造函数创建。通过调用使用async
关键字实现的异步方法创建的任务是“热”任务,换句话说,它们在创建时就已启动。来自文档:这也是一本很好的读物: 任务概览,第 10 部分:Promise 任务
The
Task.Start
method can only be called on "cold" tasks, in other words on tasks that have not been started yet. Such tasks can only be created with theTask
constructor. Tasks created by invoking asynchronous methods implemented with theasync
keyword are "hot", in other words they are already started upon creation. From the docs:This is also a good reading: A Tour of Task, Part 10: Promise Tasks