我如何防止春季靴子IllegalstateException？

Question

我使用Spring Boot Data JPA创建了一个简单的模型和存储库层。要测试这些层，我想通过JUNIT编写单元测试代码并测试代码。但是我会遇到以下错误。如何解决此错误并测试我的代码？

错误日志消息：

    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
    
        at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
        at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:124)
        at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:190)
        at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:132)
        at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:248)
        at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$8(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368)
        at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$9(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.jav

a:177)

模型层

@Entity
@Table(name="product")
public class Product {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @NotNull
    private Long id;
    @Column
    private String name;
    @Column
    private BigDecimal price;

    //getter setter
}

repositoryLayerer

public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product,Long> {
    @Query("SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE p.name IS NOT NULL order by p.id ASC")
    public List<Product> findAllProducts();

    @Query("SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE p.name = ?1 order by p.id ASC")
    public List<Product> findProductsByName(String name);

    @Query("SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE p.price = ?1 order by p.id ASC")
    public List<Product> findProductsByPrice(BigDecimal price);
}

单位测试类

@DataJpaTest
public class JpaTest {

    @Autowired
    ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Test
    public void getProductByIdTest() {
        Product c = productRepository.findById(1L).get();

        Assertions.assertThat(c.getId()).isEqualTo(1L);
    }
}

Answer 1

Spring 需要 @SpringBootTest 注解来查找主类配置并使用该类来启动应用程序上下文。

请尝试以下操作：

@SpringBootTest
@DataJpaTest
public class JpaTest {

    @Autowired
    ProductRepository productRepository;

    @Test
    public void getProductByIdTest() {
        Product c = productRepository.findById(1L).get();

        Assertions.assertThat(c.getId()).isEqualTo(1L);
    }
}