时间：2019-03-17 标签：c#3dgamegarbagecollectionfreeze

Question

我目前正在 Monogame 中开发一款 3D 多人游戏，并注意到每 5 秒就会冻结一次，并且会进行大量垃圾收集。我试图通过找到垃圾收集器产生垃圾的原因并删除垃圾来解决这个问题。

下面的示例只是一个非常大的项目的一个智能部分，其编码方式与所示示例相同，例如游戏网络在从服务器收集数据时在运行时初始化变量，例如此代码正在检查什么是玩家正在佩戴。当玩家更改所佩戴的任何装备时，服务器会发送此代码，以将更改更新到其他玩家。 （此代码仅在特定情况下调用）

if (messageTitle == "Equipment")
{
    string who = msg.ReadString();

    //get the item names
    string helmet = msg.ReadString();
    string shoulder = msg.ReadString();
    string chest = msg.ReadString();
    string shirt = msg.ReadString();
    string cape = msg.ReadString();
                            
    string bracers = msg.ReadString();
    string gloves = msg.ReadString();
                            
    string belt = msg.ReadString();
    string pants = msg.ReadString();
    string boots = msg.ReadString();

    string slot1 = msg.ReadString();
    string slot2 = msg.ReadString();
    string slot3 = msg.ReadString();
    string slot4 = msg.ReadString();

    if (unitDatabase.realUnits.ContainsKey(who) == true)
    {
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Helmet", helmet);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Shoulder", shoulder);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Chest", chest);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Shirt", shirt);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Cape", cape);
                                
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Bracers", bracers);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Gloves", gloves);

        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Belt", belt);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Pants", pants);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_Boots", boots);
                                
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_slot1", slot1);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_slot2", slot2);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_slot3", slot3);
        CheckEquipment(who + "_Equipment_slot4", slot4);
    }
}

但是下面的代码始终由服务器不可靠地发送，因此大多数情况下每一帧都会初始化这些变量。

if (messageTitle == "Stats")
{
    string who = msg.ReadString();
    int health = msg.ReadInt32();
    int mana = msg.ReadInt32();
    int energy = msg.ReadInt32();
    int rage = msg.ReadInt32();
    bool inCombat = msg.ReadBoolean();
    int experience = msg.ReadInt32();

    if (unitDatabase.realUnits.ContainsKey(who) == true)
    {
        unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.health = health;
        unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.mana = mana;
        unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.energy = energy;
        unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.rage = rage;

        unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.inCombat = inCombat;

        if (unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.experience != experience)
        {
            int difference = experience - unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.experience;
            unitDatabase.realUnits[who].attributes.experience = experience;
            floatingTextDatabase.AddFloatingText("XP: " + difference, unitDatabase.realUnits[who], 0.35f, new Vector3(0, 0, 20), Color.Blue);
        }
    }
}

从服务器接收到的所有内容都设置为以这种方式接收数据，我相信在运行时初始化所有这些变量将为垃圾收集器创建内存分配，这可能会导致每 5 秒冻结 1 秒。

public void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch, SpriteFont font)
{
    #region DrawAllScreenFloatingText
    for (int i = 0; i < floatingText.Count(); i++)
    {
        string message = floatingText[i].text.ToString();
        Vector2 origin = font.MeasureString(message) / 2;
        float textSize = floatingText[i].size;

        Color backdrop = new Color((byte)50, (byte)0, (byte)0, (byte)MathHelper.Clamp(floatingText[i].fade, 0, 255));

        spriteBatch.DrawString(font, message, (floatingText[i].startPositon + floatingText[i].position) + new Vector2(-4 * textSize, -4 * textSize), backdrop, 0, origin, textSize, 0, 1);
        
        spriteBatch.DrawString(font, message, (floatingText[i].startPositon + floatingText[i].position) + new Vector2(-4 * textSize, 4 * textSize), backdrop, 0, origin, textSize, 0, 1);

        spriteBatch.DrawString(font, message, (floatingText[i].startPositon + floatingText[i].position) + new Vector2(4 * textSize, -4 * textSize), backdrop, 0, origin, textSize, 0, 1);

        spriteBatch.DrawString(font, message, (floatingText[i].startPositon + floatingText[i].position) + new Vector2(4 * textSize, 4 * textSize), backdrop, 0, origin, textSize, 0, 1);

        spriteBatch.DrawString(font, message, (floatingText[i].startPositon + floatingText[i].position), new Color(floatingText[i].color.R, floatingText[i].color.G, floatingText[i].color.B, (byte)MathHelper.Clamp(floatingText[i].fade, 0, 255)), 0, origin, textSize, 0, 1);

    }
    #endregion
}

上面的代码在屏幕上绘制浮动文本，就像对敌人造成的伤害一样。绘图的分配将像这样处理，并且如果对某物造成损坏，则每帧都会绘制绘图。正如你所看到的，我将初始化一个字符串、向量2、浮点和颜色变量，每个并条机乘以显示的每个损坏数。

public void Draw(GraphicsDevice graphics, BasicEffect basicEffect, Effect modelEffect, MeshRenderer meshRenderer, ItemDatabase itemDatabase, ThirdPersonCamera camera, Weather weather, LightDatabase lightDatabase, AudioList audioList)
{
    sw = new Stopwatch();
    sw.Start();

    if (camera.target != null)
    {
        foreach (var unit in realUnits)
        {
            //only draw close enough to us
            double distance = Math.Sqrt((unit.Value.body.position.X - camera.target.body.position.X) * (unit.Value.body.position.X - camera.target.body.position.X) +
                                 (unit.Value.body.position.Y - camera.target.body.position.Y) * (unit.Value.body.position.Y - camera.target.body.position.Y) +
                                 (unit.Value.body.position.Z - camera.target.body.position.Z) * (unit.Value.body.position.Z - camera.target.body.position.Z));

            if (distance < unit.Value.renderDistance)
            {
                //only draw units inside our view
                if (camera.InsideCamera(unit.Value.body.position) == true || camera.target == unit.Value)
                {
                    unit.Value.Draw(graphics, unitList[unit.Value.name], arrow, basicEffect, meshRenderer, itemDatabase, camera, weather, lightDatabase);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    sw.Stop();
    if (drawMs < sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds) drawMs = sw.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds;
}

每个绘制帧都会更新另一个代码，它检查正在绘制的玩家是否在相机的视距内，然后在相机的视锥体内。您可以看到它正在初始化每个并条机的两倍。

并在unit.Value.Draw()内部；函数其初始化：

new SamplerState //for the shadow casting

Matrix[] bones

Matrix getWorld //the players world transform into shader
Matrix worldMatrix

float colorR //ambient sky color
float colorG //ambient sky color
float colorB //ambient sky color

int MAXLIGHTS //total light sources in scene
Vector3[] PointLightPosition = new Vector3[MAXLIGHTS];
Vector4[] PointLightColor = new Vector4[MAXLIGHTS];
float[] PointLightPower = new float[MAXLIGHTS];
float[] PointLightRadius = new float[MAXLIGHTS];

如果该玩家位于玩家和相机视锥体的视野范围内，则这些将在每个绘制帧的绘制调用内初始化。

我相信在运行时每个帧中所有这些初始化的变量都会创建垃圾收集的分配。在我重新设计整个游戏以消除每帧调用新变量之前，我想确保这可能是垃圾收集每 5 秒填满并冻结游戏的原因。

感谢您花时间阅读我的问题。

编辑：添加 VS2019 分析器的图像

Answer 1

因此，我认为我将进行一个快速的项目测试，以测试垃圾收集器的运作方式。下面我添加了一个项目，该项目更新以下代码每个绘制调用（正是我目前正在做的）

protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
    GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);

    string[] test = new string[100000];

    // TODO: Add your drawing code here
    base.Draw(gameTime);
}

这就是VS2019 Profiler记录的

下一个示例我在开头初始化string [] test []该程序只有

public Game1()
{
    _graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
    Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
    IsMouseVisible = true;
    string[] test = new string[100000];
}

vs2019 profiler记录的内容

因此，从这个示例中，我似乎永远不想在运行时初始化变量，并尝试在程序开始时初始化所有变量。我需要重新使用相同的变量，以避免垃圾收集器冻结游戏。谢谢你回答的每个人。

Answer 2

只是想告诉大家，冻结实际上不是由于垃圾收集，实际上是因为这行代码。

if (pingDelay > 3)
{
   ping = Int32.Parse(pingSender.Send(client.ServerConnection.RemoteEndPoint.Address, 120, Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(“0”), options).RoundtripTime.ToString());
   pingDelay = 0;
}

pingSender.Send() 应该是异步的。因为它不是在等待服务器返回结果时冻结游戏。