使用Codable与有时是INT的值,而其他时间则是字符串

发布于 2025-01-18 11:47:30 字数 865 浏览 3 评论 0原文

我有一个API,有时会在JSON中返回特定的钥匙值(在这种情况下)作为int,而其他时候它将返回与字符串相同的键值。如何使用Codable解析该JSON?

struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
    var price: Double!
    var id: String?
    var name: String!

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case price = "p"
        case id = "i"
        case name = "n"
    }

    init(price: Double? = nil, id: String? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
        self.price = price
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
    }
}

我一直收到此错误消息:<代码>预期解码字符串,但找到了一个数字。它返回数字的原因是因为ID字段为空,并且当ID字段为空时,它默认为返回0作为代码标识为数字的ID。我基本上可以忽略ID密钥,但是编码并不能让我选择忽略它。处理此问题的最佳方法是什么?

这是JSON。这是超简单的

工作

{
  "p":2.12,
  "i":"3k3mkfnk3",
  "n":"Blue Shirt"
}

错误 - 由于系统中没有ID,因此它返回0作为默认值,该默认值显然是与字符串相对的数字。

{
  "p":2.19,
  "i":0,
  "n":"Black Shirt"
}

I have an API that will sometimes return a specific key value (in this case id) in the JSON as an Int and other times it will return that same key value as a String. How do I use codable to parse that JSON?

struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
    var price: Double!
    var id: String?
    var name: String!

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case price = "p"
        case id = "i"
        case name = "n"
    }

    init(price: Double? = nil, id: String? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
        self.price = price
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
    }
}

I keep getting this error message: Expected to decode String but found a number instead. The reason that it returns a number is because the id field is empty and when the id field is empty it defaults to returning 0 as an ID which codable identifies as a number. I can basically ignore the ID key but codable does not give me the option to ignore it to my knowledge. What would be the best way to handle this?

Here is the JSON. It is super simple

Working

{
  "p":2.12,
  "i":"3k3mkfnk3",
  "n":"Blue Shirt"
}

Error - because there is no id in the system, it returns 0 as a default which codable obviously sees as a number opposed to string.

{
  "p":2.19,
  "i":0,
  "n":"Black Shirt"
}

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朦胧时间 2025-01-25 11:47:30
struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
    var price: Double?
    var id: String?
    var name: String?
    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case price = "p", id = "i", name = "n"
    }
    init(price: Double? = nil, id: String? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
        self.price = price
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
    }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        price = try container.decode(Double.self, forKey: .price)
        name = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .name)
        do {
            id = try String(container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .id))
        } catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
            id = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .id)
        }
    }
}

let json1 = """
{
"p":2.12,
"i":"3k3mkfnk3",
"n":"Blue Shirt"
}
"""

let json2 = """
{
"p":2.12,
"i":0,
"n":"Blue Shirt"
}
"""

do {
    let product = try JSONDecoder().decode(GeneralProduct.self, from: Data(json2.utf8))
    print(product.price ?? "nil")
    print(product.id ?? "nil")
    print(product.name ?? "nil")
} catch {
    print(error)
}

编辑/更新

您也可以简单地将nil分配给id当API返回时 0 :

do {
    let value = try container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .id)
    id = value == 0 ? nil : String(value)
} catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
    id = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .id)
}
struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
    var price: Double?
    var id: String?
    var name: String?
    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case price = "p", id = "i", name = "n"
    }
    init(price: Double? = nil, id: String? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
        self.price = price
        self.id = id
        self.name = name
    }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        price = try container.decode(Double.self, forKey: .price)
        name = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .name)
        do {
            id = try String(container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .id))
        } catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
            id = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .id)
        }
    }
}

let json1 = """
{
"p":2.12,
"i":"3k3mkfnk3",
"n":"Blue Shirt"
}
"""

let json2 = """
{
"p":2.12,
"i":0,
"n":"Blue Shirt"
}
"""

do {
    let product = try JSONDecoder().decode(GeneralProduct.self, from: Data(json2.utf8))
    print(product.price ?? "nil")
    print(product.id ?? "nil")
    print(product.name ?? "nil")
} catch {
    print(error)
}

edit/update:

You can also simply assign nil to your id when your api returns 0:

do {
    let value = try container.decode(Int.self, forKey: .id)
    id = value == 0 ? nil : String(value)
} catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
    id = try container.decode(String.self, forKey: .id)
}
羅雙樹 2025-01-25 11:47:30

这是 MetadataType 的一个可能的解决方案,好处是它可以是一个通用解决方案,不仅适用于 GeneralProduct,而且适用于所有具有以下功能的 struct同样的歧义:

struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
  var price:Double?
  var id:MetadataType?
  var name:String?

  private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
    case price = "p"
    case id = "i"
    case name = "n"
  }

  init(price:Double? = nil, id: MetadataType? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
    self.price = price
    self.id = id
    self.name = name
  }
}

enum MetadataType: Codable {
  case int(Int)
  case string(String)

  init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
    do {
      self = try .int(container.decode(Int.self))
    } catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
      do {
        self = try .string(container.decode(String.self))
      } catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
        throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(MetadataType.self, DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Encoded payload not of an expected type"))
      }
    }
  }

  func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
    var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
    switch self {
    case .int(let int):
      try container.encode(int)
    case .string(let string):
      try container.encode(string)
    }
  }
}

这是测试:

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
var json =  "{\"p\":2.19,\"i\":0,\"n\":\"Black Shirt\"}"
var product = try! decoder.decode(GeneralProduct.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
if let id = product.id {
  print(id) // 0
}

json =  "{\"p\":2.19,\"i\":\"hello world\",\"n\":\"Black Shirt\"}"
product = try! decoder.decode(GeneralProduct.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
if let id = product.id {
  print(id) // hello world
}

This is a possible solution with MetadataType, the nice thing is that can be a general solution not for GeneralProduct only, but for all the struct having the same ambiguity:

struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
  var price:Double?
  var id:MetadataType?
  var name:String?

  private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
    case price = "p"
    case id = "i"
    case name = "n"
  }

  init(price:Double? = nil, id: MetadataType? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
    self.price = price
    self.id = id
    self.name = name
  }
}

enum MetadataType: Codable {
  case int(Int)
  case string(String)

  init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
    let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
    do {
      self = try .int(container.decode(Int.self))
    } catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
      do {
        self = try .string(container.decode(String.self))
      } catch DecodingError.typeMismatch {
        throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(MetadataType.self, DecodingError.Context(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: "Encoded payload not of an expected type"))
      }
    }
  }

  func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
    var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
    switch self {
    case .int(let int):
      try container.encode(int)
    case .string(let string):
      try container.encode(string)
    }
  }
}

this is the test:

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
var json =  "{\"p\":2.19,\"i\":0,\"n\":\"Black Shirt\"}"
var product = try! decoder.decode(GeneralProduct.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
if let id = product.id {
  print(id) // 0
}

json =  "{\"p\":2.19,\"i\":\"hello world\",\"n\":\"Black Shirt\"}"
product = try! decoder.decode(GeneralProduct.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
if let id = product.id {
  print(id) // hello world
}
乄_柒ぐ汐 2025-01-25 11:47:30

IntString 无缝解码为同一属性需要编写一些代码。

但是,由于语言中添加了(某种程度上)新的属性(属性包装器),您可以在需要的地方轻松重用此逻辑:

// note this is only `Decodable`
struct GeneralProduct: Decodable {
    var price: Double
    @Flexible var id: Int // note this is an Int
    var name: String
}

属性包装器及其支持代码可以像这样实现:

@propertyWrapper struct Flexible<T: FlexibleDecodable>: Decodable {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        wrappedValue = try T(container: decoder.singleValueContainer())
    }
}

protocol FlexibleDecodable {
    init(container: SingleValueDecodingContainer) throws
}

extension Int: FlexibleDecodable {
    init(container: SingleValueDecodingContainer) throws {
        if let int = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            self = int
        } else if let string = try? container.decode(String.self), let int = Int(string) {
            self = int
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(.init(codingPath: container.codingPath, debugDescription: "Invalid int value"))
        }
    }
}

原始答案

您可以对字符串使用包装器,该包装器知道如何从任何基本 JSON 数据类型进行解码:字符串、数字、布尔值:

struct RelaxedString: Codable {
    let value: String
    
    init(_ value: String) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        // attempt to decode from all JSON primitives
        if let str = try? container.decode(String.self) {
            value = str
        } else if let int = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            value = int.description
        } else if let double = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
            value = double.description
        } else if let bool = try? container.decode(Bool.self) {
            value = bool.description
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(String.self, .init(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: ""))
        }
    }
    
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        try container.encode(value)
    }
}

然后您可以在结构中使用此新类型。一个小缺点是该结构的使用者将需要进行另一个间接访问来访问包装的字符串。但是,可以通过将解码后的RelaxedString属性声明为私有属性并使用计算出的属性作为公共接口来避免这种情况:

struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
    var price: Double!
    var _id: RelaxedString?
    var name: String!
    
    var id: String? {
        get { _id?.value }
        set { _id = newValue.map(RelaxedString.init) }
    }

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case price = "p"
        case _id = "i"
        case name = "n"
    }

    init(price: Double? = nil, id: String? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
        self.price = price
        self._id = id.map(RelaxedString.init)
        self.name = name
    }
}

上述方法的优点:

  1. 无需编写自定义的init(来自解码器: Decoder) 代码,如果要解码的属性数量增加了
  2. 可重用性,则该代码可能会变得乏味 - RelaxedString 可以在其他结构中无缝使用,
  3. 因为 id 可以从string 或 int 仍然是实现细节,GeneralProduct 的消费者不知道/关心 id 可以来自字符串或 int
  4. 公共接口公开字符串值,这使消费者代码简单如下它不必处理多种类型的数据

Seamlessly decoding from either Int or String into the same property requires writing some code.

However, thanks to a (somewhat) new addition to the language,(property wrappers), you can make it quite easy to reuse this logic wherever you need it:

// note this is only `Decodable`
struct GeneralProduct: Decodable {
    var price: Double
    @Flexible var id: Int // note this is an Int
    var name: String
}

The property wrapper and its supporting code can be implemented like this:

@propertyWrapper struct Flexible<T: FlexibleDecodable>: Decodable {
    var wrappedValue: T
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        wrappedValue = try T(container: decoder.singleValueContainer())
    }
}

protocol FlexibleDecodable {
    init(container: SingleValueDecodingContainer) throws
}

extension Int: FlexibleDecodable {
    init(container: SingleValueDecodingContainer) throws {
        if let int = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            self = int
        } else if let string = try? container.decode(String.self), let int = Int(string) {
            self = int
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(.init(codingPath: container.codingPath, debugDescription: "Invalid int value"))
        }
    }
}

Original answer

You can use a wrapper over a string that knows how to decode from any of the basic JSON data types: string, number, boolean:

struct RelaxedString: Codable {
    let value: String
    
    init(_ value: String) {
        self.value = value
    }
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        // attempt to decode from all JSON primitives
        if let str = try? container.decode(String.self) {
            value = str
        } else if let int = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            value = int.description
        } else if let double = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
            value = double.description
        } else if let bool = try? container.decode(Bool.self) {
            value = bool.description
        } else {
            throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(String.self, .init(codingPath: decoder.codingPath, debugDescription: ""))
        }
    }
    
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        try container.encode(value)
    }
}

You can then use this new type in your struct. One minor disadvantage would be that consumer of the struct will need to make another indirection to access the wrapped string. However that can be avoided by declaring the decoded RelaxedString property as private, and use a computed one for the public interface:

struct GeneralProduct: Codable {
    var price: Double!
    var _id: RelaxedString?
    var name: String!
    
    var id: String? {
        get { _id?.value }
        set { _id = newValue.map(RelaxedString.init) }
    }

    private enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case price = "p"
        case _id = "i"
        case name = "n"
    }

    init(price: Double? = nil, id: String? = nil, name: String? = nil) {
        self.price = price
        self._id = id.map(RelaxedString.init)
        self.name = name
    }
}

Advantages of the above approach:

  1. no need to write custom init(from decoder: Decoder) code, which can become tedious if the number of properties to be decoded increase
  2. reusability - RelaxedString can be seamlessly used in other structs
  3. the fact that the id can be decoded from a string or an int remains an implementation detail, consumers of GeneralProduct don't know/care that the id can come from a string or an int
  4. the public interface exposes string values, which keeps the consumer code simple as it will not have to deal with multiple types of data
陌伤ぢ 2025-01-25 11:47:30

我创建了这个 Gist,它有一个 ValueWrapper 结构可以处理
以下类型

case stringValue(String)
case intValue(Int)
case doubleValue(Double)
case boolValue(Bool)

https://gist.github.com/amrangry/89097b86514b3477cae79dd28bba3f23

I created this Gist which has a ValueWrapper struct that can handle
the following types

case stringValue(String)
case intValue(Int)
case doubleValue(Double)
case boolValue(Bool)

https://gist.github.com/amrangry/89097b86514b3477cae79dd28bba3f23

根据@cristik的答案,我使用@propertywrapper提供了另一种解决方案。

@propertyWrapper
struct StringForcible: Codable {
    
    var wrappedValue: String?
    
    enum CodingKeys: CodingKey {}
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        if let string = try? container.decode(String.self) {
            wrappedValue = string
        } else if let integer = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            wrappedValue = "\(integer)"
        } else if let double = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
            wrappedValue = "\(double)"
        } else if container.decodeNil() {
            wrappedValue = nil
        }
        else {
            throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(String.self, .init(codingPath: container.codingPath, debugDescription: "Could not decode incoming value to String. It is not a type of String, Int or Double."))
        }
    }
    
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        try container.encode(wrappedValue)
    }
    
    init() {
        self.wrappedValue = nil
    }
    
}

用法也

struct SomeDTO: Codable {
   @StringForcible var id: String? 
}

像-i认为 -

struct AnotherDTO: Codable {
    var some: SomeDTO?
}

Based on @Cristik 's answer, I come with another solution using @propertyWrapper.

@propertyWrapper
struct StringForcible: Codable {
    
    var wrappedValue: String?
    
    enum CodingKeys: CodingKey {}
    
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
        if let string = try? container.decode(String.self) {
            wrappedValue = string
        } else if let integer = try? container.decode(Int.self) {
            wrappedValue = "\(integer)"
        } else if let double = try? container.decode(Double.self) {
            wrappedValue = "\(double)"
        } else if container.decodeNil() {
            wrappedValue = nil
        }
        else {
            throw DecodingError.typeMismatch(String.self, .init(codingPath: container.codingPath, debugDescription: "Could not decode incoming value to String. It is not a type of String, Int or Double."))
        }
    }
    
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var container = encoder.singleValueContainer()
        try container.encode(wrappedValue)
    }
    
    init() {
        self.wrappedValue = nil
    }
    
}

And usage is

struct SomeDTO: Codable {
   @StringForcible var id: String? 
}

Also works like -I think-

struct AnotherDTO: Codable {
    var some: SomeDTO?
}
绝影如岚 2025-01-25 11:47:30

您可以使用此 pod https://github.com/muhammadali2012/Model

只需将这些属性包装器添加到您的可编码属性的类型不确定。即,

@AnyValueWrapper @DefaultStringEmpty var id: String

即使您从 JSON 中获取 int 或什至 nill 或即使 key 不存在,您也会获得 String 形式的 id。

you can use this pod https://github.com/muhammadali2012/Model

Simply add these property wrappers on your codable properties which type is not sure. ie

@AnyValueWrapper @DefaultStringEmpty var id: String

you will get id as String even if you get int from JSON or even nill or even if key doesn't exist.

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