x86 架构中的根联合体与系统代理是什么?
在x86架构中,根联合体和系统代理是什么?
我猜想,系统代理是 SOC 的基本准系统基础,位于内存控制器、缓存控制器、前置 IO 控制器等许多其他构建块之上。 根复合体不知道吗?
In the x86 architecture, what is term root complex and system agent?
I guess, System agent is basic barebone base foundation of SOC, on top of this many other buildinf blocks like Memory controller, cache controller, prepheral IO controller resides.
Root complex dont know?
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这两个术语都只是次要集体术语。
所以基本上只有根端口很重要;根联合体的存在只是为了将根端口与一些辅助设备联合起来,例如1个错误处理程序设备——以便根联合体的所有根端口可以为它们所有人共享1个错误处理程序设备,而不是每个都有1个。
代理是SOC/芯片的术语。它是芯片内部互连网络中的一个节点。通常有 1 个(或多个)专用于 I/O 的独立设备,可以称为 I/O 代理之类的东西。因此Root Complex是1 I/O代理的主要部分。
请注意:
系统代理仅存在于某些芯片架构中,例如英特尔的Sandy Bridge。 (我猜这个术语实际上是英特尔特定的。)请参阅此图片了解例子。它只是一个设备,除了 PCIe 根联合体之外还包括内存控制器和可能的其他一些设备。这是一个非必要的内部术语——只是关于如何在一个特定的芯片架构上对一些设备进行分组。
Both terms are just secondary collective terms.
So basically only Root Port matters; and Root Complex exists only to unite Root Ports with some auxiliary devices, e.g. a 1 error handler device — so that all the Root Ports of the Root Complex can share 1 error handler device for all of them instead of having 1 per each.
Agent is a term for SOC/chip. It's a node in internal chip interconnect network. Typically there is 1 (or more) of separate devices dedicated for I/O, which can be called something like an I/O agent. And so Root Complex is a main part of 1 I/O agent.
Note that:
A system agent exists only in some of chip architectures, like Intel's Sandy Bridge. (I guess this term is actually Intel-specific.) See this image for example. It's just a device that besides a PCIe Root Complex includes also a Memory Controller and probably some other devices. It's a non-essential internal term — just about how grouping of a few devices on one particular chip architecture was made.
根联合体由 PCIe 规范定义。它包括根端口、根复合体事件收集器和根复合体集成端点(例如 USB 和 SATA 控制器)。
系统代理是 PCIe 根联合体的 Intel 实现及其与系统其余部分之间的连接的名称。它还包含其他组件,例如 IOMMU 和电源控制单元。
The Root Complex is defined by the PCIe specification. It comprises the root ports, root complex event collectors, and root complex integrated endpoints (for example, USB and SATA controllers).
The System Agent is the name for the Intel implementation of the PCIe Root Complex and the connections between it and the rest of the system. It also contains other components such as IOMMUs and power control unit.