x86 架构中的根联合体与系统代理是什么?

发布于 2025-01-17 00:39:18 字数 103 浏览 4 评论 0原文

在x86架构中,根联合体和系统代理是什么?

我猜想,系统代理是 SOC 的基本准系统基础,位于内存控制器、缓存控制器、前置 IO 控制器等许多其他构建块之上。 根复合体不知道吗?

In the x86 architecture, what is term root complex and system agent?

I guess, System agent is basic barebone base foundation of SOC, on top of this many other buildinf blocks like Memory controller, cache controller, prepheral IO controller resides.
Root complex dont know?

如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。

扫码二维码加入Web技术交流群

发布评论

需要 登录 才能够评论, 你可以免费 注册 一个本站的账号。

评论(2

壹場煙雨 2025-01-24 00:39:18

这两个术语都只是次要集体术语。

  • 根联合体(PCIe 术语)是指包含一些根端口以及可选的其他辅助子设备的硬件设备。
    • 每个根端口都源自一个层次结构域(PCIe 术语)——这是一组可以相互通信的设备。不同根端口(在不同层次结构域中)后面的设备无法相互通信(没有路由),至少 PCIe 规范将这种能力定义为可选。

所以基本上只有根端口很重要;根联合体的存在只是为了将根端口与一些辅助设备联合起来,例如1个错误处理程序设备——以便根联合体的所有根端口可以为它们所有人共享1个错误处理程序设备,而不是每个都有1个。

代理是SOC/芯片的术语。它是芯片内部互连网络中的一个节点。通常有 1 个(或多个)专用于 I/O 的独立设备,可以称为 I/O 代理之类的东西。因此Root Complex是1 I/O代理的主要部分。

请注意:

  • 在小型“客户端”计算机中,始终只有一个 I/O 代理,因此其中有一个根联合体;在
  • 大型“服务器”计算机中,可以有许多 I/O 代理,因此甚至每个芯片也有许多根联合体(甚至不是谈论多个套接字)。

系统代理仅存在于某些芯片架构中,例如英特尔的Sandy Bridge。 (我猜这个术语实际上是英特尔特定的。)请参阅此图片了解例子。它只是一个设备,除了 PCIe 根联合体之外还包括内存控制器和可能的其他一些设备。这是一个非必要的内部术语——只是关于如何在一个特定的芯片架构上对一些设备进行分组。

Both terms are just secondary collective terms.

  • Root Complex (PCIe term) means a hardware device containing a few Root Ports and also optionally other auxiliary sub-devices.
    • Each Root Port originates a Hierarchy Domain (PCIe term) — which is a group of devices that can communicate between each other. Devices behind different Root Ports (in different Hierarchy Domains) can not communicate to each other (there is no routing), at least PCIe spec defines such an ability as optional.

So basically only Root Port matters; and Root Complex exists only to unite Root Ports with some auxiliary devices, e.g. a 1 error handler device — so that all the Root Ports of the Root Complex can share 1 error handler device for all of them instead of having 1 per each.

Agent is a term for SOC/chip. It's a node in internal chip interconnect network. Typically there is 1 (or more) of separate devices dedicated for I/O, which can be called something like an I/O agent. And so Root Complex is a main part of 1 I/O agent.

Note that:

  • In small "client" computers there is always only one I/O agent and hence one Root Complex in it
  • in large "server" computers there can be many I/O agents and hence many Root Complexes even per chip (not even speaking about multiple sockets).

A system agent exists only in some of chip architectures, like Intel's Sandy Bridge. (I guess this term is actually Intel-specific.) See this image for example. It's just a device that besides a PCIe Root Complex includes also a Memory Controller and probably some other devices. It's a non-essential internal term — just about how grouping of a few devices on one particular chip architecture was made.

浮世清欢 2025-01-24 00:39:18

根联合体由 PCIe 规范定义。它包括根端口、根复合体事件收集器和根复合体集成端点(例如 USB 和 SATA 控制器)。

系统代理是 PCIe 根联合体的 Intel 实现及其与系统其余部分之间的连接的名称。它还包含其他组件,例如 IOMMU 和电源控制单元。

The Root Complex is defined by the PCIe specification. It comprises the root ports, root complex event collectors, and root complex integrated endpoints (for example, USB and SATA controllers).

The System Agent is the name for the Intel implementation of the PCIe Root Complex and the connections between it and the rest of the system. It also contains other components such as IOMMUs and power control unit.

~没有更多了~
我们使用 Cookies 和其他技术来定制您的体验包括您的登录状态等。通过阅读我们的 隐私政策 了解更多相关信息。 单击 接受 或继续使用网站,即表示您同意使用 Cookies 和您的相关数据。
原文