使用 jTDS 驱动程序通过 Android Studio 连接到 Azure DB 时出现问题

Question

我正在尝试使用 Android Studio 中的 jTDS 驱动程序版本 1.2.7 连接到 Azure DB。我收到此错误：“SQL 错误：原因：由于客户端 TLS 版本低于服务器允许的最低 TLS 版本，登录失败。”已尝试更改 Azure 上的 TLS 版本，但仍然遇到相同的错误。我还尝试将 ssl=request 添加到连接字符串的末尾，但最终出现另一个错误：

AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: com.capstone.rideshareapp, PID: 6440
    java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Failed resolution of: Lcom/sun/net/ssl/SSLContext;
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.ssl.SocketFactoriesSUN$TdsTlsSocketFactory.factory(SocketFactoriesSUN.java:174)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.ssl.SocketFactoriesSUN$TdsTlsSocketFactory.getFactory(SocketFactoriesSUN.java:157)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.ssl.SocketFactoriesSUN$TdsTlsSocketFactory.createSocket(SocketFactoriesSUN.java:86)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.SharedSocket.enableEncryption(SharedSocket.java:332)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.TdsCore.negotiateSSL(TdsCore.java:554)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.ConnectionJDBC2.<init>(ConnectionJDBC2.java:350)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver.connect(Driver.java:188)
        at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:580)
        at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:236)
        at com.capstone.rideshareapp.MainActivity.connectionClass(MainActivity.java:68)
        at com.capstone.rideshareapp.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:42)
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7802)
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7791)
        at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1299)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3245)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3409)
        at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:83)
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:135)
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:95)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2016)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:107)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7356)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930)
     Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "com.sun.net.ssl.SSLContext" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.capstone.rideshareapp-c0eguH-FO1sEfSOTqUd8qw==/base.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.capstone.rideshareapp-c0eguH-FO1sEfSOTqUd8qw==/lib/x86, /system/lib, /system/product/lib]]
        at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:196)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:379)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:312)
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.ssl.SocketFactoriesSUN$TdsTlsSocketFactory.factory(SocketFactoriesSUN.java:174) 
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.ssl.SocketFactoriesSUN$TdsTlsSocketFactory.getFactory(SocketFactoriesSUN.java:157) 
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.ssl.SocketFactoriesSUN$TdsTlsSocketFactory.createSocket(SocketFactoriesSUN.java:86) 
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.SharedSocket.enableEncryption(SharedSocket.java:332) 
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.TdsCore.negotiateSSL(TdsCore.java:554) 
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.ConnectionJDBC2.<init>(ConnectionJDBC2.java:350) 
        at net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver.connect(Driver.java:188) 
        at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:580) 
        at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:236) 
        at com.capstone.rideshareapp.MainActivity.connectionClass(MainActivity.java:68) 
        at com.capstone.rideshareapp.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:42) 
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7802) 
        at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7791) 
        at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1299) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3245) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3409) 
        at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:83) 
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:135) 
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:95) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:2016) 
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:107) 
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7356) 
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:492) 
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:930) 

我也无法找出导致此错误的原因。除了尝试 jTDS 驱动程序之外，我还尝试了 Microsoft JDBC 驱动程序，但仍然遇到我似乎无法弄清楚的错误。 JDBC 驱动程序的错误是这样的：“SQL 错误：驱动程序无法使用安全套接字层 (SSL) 加密建立与 SQL Server 的安全连接。错误：“套接字已关闭”。ClientConnectionId”

build.gradle (: app) :

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
}

android {
    compileSdkVersion 30
    buildToolsVersion "30.0.3"

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.capstone.rideshareapp"
        minSdkVersion 24
        targetSdkVersion 30
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"
//        multiDexEnabled true

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
}

dependencies {

//    def multidex_version = "2.0.1"
//    implementation "androidx.multidex:multidex:$multidex_version"
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.3.0'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.3.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.0.4'
    implementation files('libs/jtds-1.2.7.jar')
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.+'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.3.0'
}

MainActivity.java ：

package com.capstone.rideshareapp;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.StrictMode;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Button;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    // db connection string
    static private final String connectionURL = "jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://myschooldata.database.windows" +
            ".net:1433;DatabaseName=MySchoolData;sslProtocol=TLSv1;user=*****@myschooldata;password=******;" +
            "encrypt=true;trustServerCertificate=false;hostNameInCertificate=*.database.windows" +
            ".net;loginTimeout=30;";
    static protected Connection connection = null;

    Button signUpBtn;
    Button loginBtn;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        connectionClass();

        signUpBtn = findViewById(R.id.signUpBtn);
        signUpBtn.setOnClickListener(v -> switchToRegister());

        loginBtn = findViewById(R.id.loginBtn);
        loginBtn.setOnClickListener(v -> switchToLogin());
    }

    private void switchToRegister() {
        Intent switchToCreateAccount = new Intent(this, CreateAccount.class);
        startActivity(switchToCreateAccount);
    }

    private void switchToLogin() {
        Intent switchToLogin = new Intent(this, Login.class);
        startActivity(switchToLogin);
    }

    // can be called in another activity using MainActivity.connectionClass()
    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    static protected void connectionClass() {
        StrictMode.ThreadPolicy policy = new StrictMode.ThreadPolicy.Builder().permitAll().build();
        StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(policy);
        try {
            Class.forName("net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionURL);
            Log.i("Connected", "It works");
        }
        catch (SQLException se) {
            Log.e("SQL Error", se.getMessage());
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            Log.e("Loading Error", e.getMessage());
        }
        catch (Exception e) {
            Log.e("Error", e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

作为澄清，当使用不同的驱动程序时，我更改了连接字符串、所用驱动程序的依赖项和 Class.forName()。

有谁知道为什么在尝试不同的可能解决方案后，我不断收到 jTDS 驱动程序或 JDBC 驱动程序的这些错误？