Tomcat 10.x 在 javax.servlet 上抛出 java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError。*

Question

在上下文路径 [/VirtualStore] 部署了基于 servlet 的 Web 应用程序，但上下文无法以以下日志启动。

19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.075 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Deployment of deployment descriptor [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\conf\Catalina\localhost\VS.xml] has finished in [448] ms
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.079 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\docs]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.291 WARNING [main] org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.createSecureRandom Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [143] milliseconds.
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.306 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\docs] has finished in [228] ms
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.307 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\examples]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.613 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\examples] has finished in [307] ms
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.613 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\host-manager]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.646 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\host-manager] has finished in [32] ms
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.646 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\manager]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.676 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\manager] has finished in [29] ms
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.676 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\ROOT]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.703 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\webapps\ROOT] has finished in [27] ms
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.708 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8085"]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:35.726 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in [1894] milliseconds
19-Mar-2021 11:46:36.546 INFO [http-nio-8085-exec-9] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.undeploy Undeploying context [/VirtualStore]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:36.562 INFO [http-nio-8085-exec-4] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Deploying deployment descriptor [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\conf\Catalina\localhost\VirtualStore.xml]
19-Mar-2021 11:46:36.563 WARNING [http-nio-8085-exec-4] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor The path attribute with value [/VirtualStore] in deployment descriptor [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\conf\Catalina\localhost\VirtualStore.xml] has been ignored
19-Mar-2021 11:46:36.934 SEVERE [http-nio-8085-exec-4] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor Error deploying deployment descriptor [C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\conf\Catalina\localhost\VirtualStore.xml]
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Error starting child
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:720)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChild(ContainerBase.java:690)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.addChild(StandardHost.java:743)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDescriptor(HostConfig.java:692)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployApps(HostConfig.java:540)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.check(HostConfig.java:1777)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.BaseModelMBean.invoke(BaseModelMBean.java:288)
        at com.sun.jmx.interceptor.DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMBeanServerInterceptor.java:819)
        at com.sun.jmx.mbeanserver.JmxMBeanServer.invoke(JmxMBeanServer.java:801)
        at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.check(ManagerServlet.java:1570)
        at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.deploy(ManagerServlet.java:1022)
        at org.apache.catalina.manager.ManagerServlet.doGet(ManagerServlet.java:357)
        at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:663)
        at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:770)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:223)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:158)
        at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:185)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:158)
        at org.apache.catalina.filters.HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.doFilter(HttpHeaderSecurityFilter.java:126)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:185)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:158)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:202)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
        at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:668)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.RequestFilterValve.process(RequestFilterValve.java:378)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteAddrValve.invoke(RemoteAddrValve.java:56)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:127)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
        at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:690)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
        at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:353)
        at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:374)
        at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
        at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:870)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1696)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
        at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
        at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
    Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Catalina].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[/VirtualStore]]
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.handleSubClassException(LifecycleBase.java:440)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:198)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.addChildInternal(ContainerBase.java:717)
        ... 44 more
    Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/ServletRequestListener
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:756)
        at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:142)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.findClassInternal(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:2470)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.findClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:866)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1370)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1224)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:540)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:521)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:151)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext.addListener(ApplicationContext.java:1086)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContextFacade.addListener(ApplicationContextFacade.java:664)
        at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JasperInitializer.onStartup(JasperInitializer.java:92)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5115)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:183)
        ... 45 more
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1401)
        at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1224)
        ... 60 more

这是如何引起的以及如何解决？

Answer 1

根据你的日志，

C:\Users\Ing.Girbson BIJOU\Documents\NetBeansProjects\apache-tomcat-10.0.4-windows-x64\apache-tomcat-10.0.4\conf\Catalina\localhost\ VirtualStore.xml

因此，您使用的是 Tomcat 10.x，它基于 Servlet API 版本 5.0，而 Servlet API 版本 5.0 又是 Jakarta EE 版本的一部分9.

然而，这个异常是意外的：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError：javax/servlet/ServletRequestListener

基本上，部署的 Web 应用程序正在寻找 javax.servlet.*，但它实际上应该寻找 jakarta.servlet.*。即，自 Jakarta EE 版本 9 起，javax.* 包已重命名为 jakarta.* 包。这意味着部署的 Web 应用程序实际上与 Jakarta EE 不兼容版本 9。部署的 Web 应用程序很可能是为旧版 JEE 开发的，其中仍使用 javax.* 包。

因此，总而言之，目标 JEE 版本不匹配，这给您带来了麻烦。您有 2 个选择：

1. 将 Tomcat 降级到版本 9.x。这是最新的可用版本，仍然使用 javax.* 包。然而，从长远来看，这不是推荐的选项，因为 javax.* 包显然是 JEE 的死胡同。

2. 或者，升级已部署的 Web 应用程序以面向 Jakarta EE 9+。即调整项目的依赖项（例如 pom.xml）以引用基于 JEE 9+ 的版本，然后执行项目范围的查找和查找。将 javax.* 替换为 jakarta.* （当然 javax.naming.* 和 javax.xml.*< /代码> 和 可能是其他很少，但 Java 编译器会很快为您指出它们）。

   


另请参阅：

• Apache Tomcat - 版本
• 如何正确配置用于 Tomcat 的 Maven pom.xml 中的 Jakarta EE 库？（此答案包含正确的完整示例Tomcat 10+、Tomcat 9-、JEE 9+ 和 JEE 8- 的 pom.xml 声明。

Answer 2

虽然最干净的解决方案是 BalusC 提供的解决方案（即始终将应用程序部署在其设计运行的平台上），但从 Tomcat 10.0.4 开始，有一个解决方法允许在 Tomcat 10 上部署 Servlet 4.0 应用程序。

您只需修改conf\Catalina\localhost\[contextname].xml 中的上下文描述（在您的情况下 [contextname] 是VirtualStore）并添加：（

<Context>
    ...
    <Loader jakartaConverter="TOMCAT" />
</Context>

参见Tomcat 文档）。

这将即时转换（简单）Servlet 4.0 应用程序，作为 Tomcat 迁移工具的替代方案雅加达EE。