使用嵌套类时，Tkinter 在输入框中显示输出

Question

所以问题是当使用第二个窗口（您使用下一页按钮导航到该窗口）时。当我在每个框中输入8位二进制数时，前提是它应该将它们加在一起并在标记的添加二进制框中显示它们。但目前它似乎没有正确设置值来做到这一点，它只是在命令行中打印我设置的值，这表明该方法正在工作。

任何有关如何解决此问题的见解将不胜感激。 仅供参考，是的，它是故意为 8 位二进制文​​件完成的，是的，它需要使用嵌套类。因为这就是作业需要使用的。

很抱歉，如果这只是一个小错误，而且我在某个地方很笨拙，但我已经被难住了一段时间了。

这是修改后的最小可重现示例：

from tkinter import * 
from tkinter.ttk import *
from tkinter import ttk
import tkinter
import math
import sys

def BinaryAddition(value1, value2):
    if len(value1) != 8:
        return "Binary number 1 is not 8 bits"
    if len(value2) != 8:
        return "Binary number 2 is not 8 bits"
    res = bin(int(value1,2) + int(value2,2))
    Ob = res[2:]#removing the ob prefix 
    return Ob

class MainWindow():
    
    FONT = ("Consolas", 16)
    TxtMaxLen = 32


    class SecondWindow():
        def __init__(self2):
            self2._window = tkinter.Tk()
            self2._window.title("Converter")
            self2._window["bg"] = "#EFFFA3"
            f = ("Times bold", 16)
            TxtMaxLen = 32
            self2._window.geometry("820x240")

            label = tkinter.Label(self2._window, text="Binary Number 1: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
            label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box
            
            label = tkinter.Label(self2._window, text="Binary Number 2: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
            label.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box

            #input box for binary number 1 
            self2.input1 = tkinter.Entry(self2._window, width= TxtMaxLen, font= f) #defined input box 
            self2.input1.grid(row=0, column=1, pady=5)#postioning / dimensions of input box
            self2.input1.focus()

            #input box for binary number 2 
            self2.input2 = tkinter.Entry(self2._window, width=TxtMaxLen, font= f) #defined input box 
            self2.input2.grid(row=1, column=1, pady=5)#postioning / dimensions of input box
            self2.input2.focus()

            separator = tkinter.ttk.Separator(self2._window,orient=tkinter.HORIZONTAL)
            separator.grid(row=3, column=1, pady=15)


            self2._bt_Add = tkinter.Button(self2._window, text="Add", font= f, command = self2.AdditionSelection)#button defined for bin  
            self2._bt_Add.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=5, pady=5)#postioning / dimensions of button box        

            #labels for output box of combined binary number
            label = tkinter.Label(self2._window, text="Added Binary: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
            label.grid(row=4, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box

            #label for output  box for if there was or was not an overflow
            label = tkinter.Label(self2._window, text="OverFlow: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
            label.grid(row=5, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box

            #output box for the added binary number
            self2.stringvar_Combined = tkinter.StringVar()
            txt_output = tkinter.Entry(self2._window, textvariable=self2.stringvar_Combined, width=TxtMaxLen, state="readonly", font= f)#entry box set to readonly to act as a display box 
            txt_output.grid(row=4, column=1, pady=5)
            
            #output box for if there was or was not an overflow
            self2._stringvar_OverFlow = tkinter.StringVar()
            txt_output = tkinter.Entry(self2._window, textvariable=self2._stringvar_OverFlow, width=TxtMaxLen, state="readonly", font= f)#entry box set to readonly to act as a display box 
            txt_output.grid(row=5, column=1, pady=5)

            separator = tkinter.ttk.Separator(self2._window,orient=tkinter.VERTICAL)
            separator.grid(row=3, column=2, pady=15)


            PrevPageButton = tkinter.Button(self2._window, text="Previous Page", font=f, command=MainWindow)
            PrevPageButton.grid(row=5, column = 2, padx = 5,pady = 5)


        def set_values(self, BinAdd):
            self.stringvar_Combined.set(BinAdd)
 
        def AdditionSelection(self2):
                    try:
                        BinV1 = self2.input1.get().strip().replace(" ", "")
                        BinV2 = self2.input2.get().strip().replace(" ", "")
                        BinAdd = BinaryAddition(BinV1, BinV2)

                        self2.set_values(BinAdd)
                        print(BinAdd)
                        print("hi there")

                    except Exception as ex:
                        print("NOPE it aint workin")

    def __init__(self):
        self._window = tkinter.Tk()
        self._window.title("Converter")
        self._window["bg"] = "#20A3FF" #background colour
        self._window.geometry("820x240")#setting window size

        #setting up button for binary additon page
        NextPageButton = tkinter.Button(self._window, text="Next Page", font=MainWindow.FONT, command=self.SecondWindow)
        NextPageButton.grid(row=4, column = 3, padx = 5,pady = 5)
        self._window.destroy
        
    def mainloop(self):
        self._window.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    win = MainWindow()
    win.mainloop()

Answer 1

主要问题：要创建第二个窗口，您应该使用 Toplevel() 而不是 Tk()。

当我使用 Toplevel 时，它会在窗口中显示文本。

---

如果您只想看到一个窗口，那么您应该首先 destroy() 旧窗口，然后您可以使用 Tk() 创建新窗口（使用新的 主循环())。

但这可能会带来其他问题。它删除窗口中的所有值，当您返回某个窗口时，它将不再具有旧值。最好创建两个 Frame 并在 Tk() 中替换它们而不破坏它们 - 并且它们将保留旧值。

---

其余只是如何创建更具可读性的代码的建议：

• 不要将 SecondWindow 放入 MainWindow 中，
• 不要使用 self2
• 使用 lower_case_names< /code> 用于函数和变量

更多信息请参见 PEP 8 -- Python 风格指南代码

---

进行了一些更改的代码。

它显示值（我还添加了 .zfill(8) 以显示 8 位数字）

但是每次更改窗口时都会创建新窗口 - 下一个 或 上一个 code> - 所以你可能有两个主窗口等。它需要更多的更改。

import tkinter   # PEP8: `import *` is not preferred
from tkinter import ttk
import math
import sys

def binary_addition(value1, value2):
    if len(value1) != 8:
        return "Binary number 1 is not 8 bits"
    if len(value2) != 8:
        return "Binary number 2 is not 8 bits"
    res = bin(int(value1,2) + int(value2,2))
    return res[2:].zfill(8) #removing the ob prefix 


class MainWindow():
    
    FONT = ("Consolas", 16)
    TxtMaxLen = 32

    def __init__(self):
        self._window = tkinter.Tk()
        self._window.title("Converter")
        self._window["bg"] = "#20A3FF" #background colour
        self._window.geometry("820x240")#setting window size

        #setting up button for binary additon page
        next_page_button = tkinter.Button(self._window, text="Next Page", font=MainWindow.FONT, command=SecondWindow)
        next_page_button.grid(row=4, column = 3, padx = 5,pady = 5)
        
    def mainloop(self):
        self._window.mainloop()

class SecondWindow():
    
    def __init__(self):
        self._window = tkinter.Toplevel()
        self._window.title("Converter")
        self._window["bg"] = "#EFFFA3"
        
        f = ("Times bold", 16)
        TxtMaxLen = 32
        
        self._window.geometry("820x240")

        label = tkinter.Label(self._window, text="Binary Number 1: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
        label.grid(row=0, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box
        
        label = tkinter.Label(self._window, text="Binary Number 2: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
        label.grid(row=1, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box

        #input box for binary number 1 
        self.input1 = tkinter.Entry(self._window, width= TxtMaxLen, font= f) #defined input box 
        self.input1.grid(row=0, column=1, pady=5)#postioning / dimensions of input box
        self.input1.focus()

        #input box for binary number 2 
        self.input2 = tkinter.Entry(self._window, width=TxtMaxLen, font= f) #defined input box 
        self.input2.grid(row=1, column=1, pady=5)#postioning / dimensions of input box
        self.input2.focus()

        separator = tkinter.ttk.Separator(self._window,orient=tkinter.HORIZONTAL)
        separator.grid(row=3, column=1, pady=15)


        self._bt_add = tkinter.Button(self._window, text="Add", font= f, command = self.addition_selection)#button defined for bin  
        self._bt_add.grid(row=1, column=2, padx=5, pady=5)#postioning / dimensions of button box        

        #labels for output box of combined binary number
        label = tkinter.Label(self._window, text="Added Binary: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
        label.grid(row=4, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box

        #label for output  box for if there was or was not an overflow
        label = tkinter.Label(self._window, text="OverFlow: ", font= f)#label defined for number input box 
        label.grid(row=5, column=0, padx=10, pady=5)#positioning / dimensions of input box

        #output box for the added binary number
        self.stringvar_combined = tkinter.StringVar()
        txt_output = tkinter.Entry(self._window, textvariable=self.stringvar_combined, width=TxtMaxLen, state="readonly", font= f)#entry box set to readonly to act as a display box 
        txt_output.grid(row=4, column=1, pady=5)
        
        #output box for if there was or was not an overflow
        self._stringvar_overflow = tkinter.StringVar()
        txt_output = tkinter.Entry(self._window, textvariable=self._stringvar_overflow, width=TxtMaxLen, state="readonly", font= f)#entry box set to readonly to act as a display box 
        txt_output.grid(row=5, column=1, pady=5)

        separator = tkinter.ttk.Separator(self._window,orient=tkinter.VERTICAL)
        separator.grid(row=3, column=2, pady=15)

        prev_page_button = tkinter.Button(self._window, text="Previous Page", font=f, command=MainWindow)
        prev_page_button.grid(row=5, column = 2, padx = 5,pady = 5)

    def set_values(self, value):
        self.stringvar_combined.set(value)

    def addition_selection(self):
        try:
            bin_1 = self.input1.get().strip().replace(" ", "")
            bin_2 = self.input2.get().strip().replace(" ", "")
            bin_add = binary_addition(bin_1, bin_2)

            self.set_values(bin_add)
            print("bin_add:", bin_add)

        except Exception as ex:
            print("NOPE it aint workin", ex)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    win = MainWindow()
    win.mainloop()