通过 pip 安装库的问题

Question

我有一台新的 M1 Pro Mac，我正在尝试设置我的开发环境。我的 Mac 仍然默认为 python2，所以我必须在终端中将 python 3 引用为 $ python3

我知道 Python 带有一个预安装的模块来为您安装 pip，所以我运行了以下命令。

python3 -m ensurepip --upgrade
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Looking in links: /var/folders/c8/cfg93ngn5lv63xqptw_mg8bm0000gn/T/tmp8m1wvvzr
Requirement already up-to-date: setuptools in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages (49.2.1)
Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/site-packages (20.2.3)
danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % python3 pip
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/python3: can't open file 'pip': [Errno 2] No such file or directory'
danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % pip
zsh: command not found: pip
danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % pip3

Usage.....

然后我确保 pip 已升级，

danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-22.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.1 MB 3.0 MB/s 
Installing collected packages: pip
  WARNING: The scripts pip, pip3 and pip3.8 are installed in '/Users/danielschnoll/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
  NOTE: The current PATH contains path(s) starting with `~`, which may not be expanded by all applications.
Successfully installed pip-22.0.4

如果我执行 $ pip 它需要 $ pip3，pip 仍然无法工作。没什么大不了的。但现在我想安装 Flask，这样我就可以进行一些 API 开发。

danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % pip3 install flask
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting flask
  Downloading Flask-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (95 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 95.6/95.6 KB 1.9 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting Jinja2>=3.0
  Downloading Jinja2-3.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 133.6/133.6 KB 2.9 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting click>=7.1.2
  Downloading click-8.0.4-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 97.5/97.5 KB 3.6 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting Werkzeug>=2.0
  Downloading Werkzeug-2.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (289 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 289.2/289.2 KB 6.2 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting itsdangerous>=2.0
  Downloading itsdangerous-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (15 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0
  Downloading MarkupSafe-2.1.0-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_universal2.whl (17 kB)
Installing collected packages: Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, itsdangerous, click, Jinja2, flask
  WARNING: The script flask is installed in '/Users/danielschnoll/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.
  Consider adding this directory to PATH or, if you prefer to suppress this warning, use --no-warn-script-location.
  NOTE: The current PATH contains path(s) starting with `~`, which may not be expanded by all applications.
Successfully installed Jinja2-3.0.3 MarkupSafe-2.1.0 Werkzeug-2.0.3 click-8.0.4 flask-2.0.3 itsdangerous-2.1.0

很好，Flask 已安装，如果我执行 $ pip3 list 就可以看到它，

danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % pip3 list
Package      Version
------------ -------
autopep8     1.6.0
click        8.0.4
Flask        2.0.3
itsdangerous 2.1.0
Jinja2       3.0.3
MarkupSafe   2.1.0
pip          22.0.4
pycodestyle  2.8.0
setuptools   49.2.1
six          1.15.0
toml         0.10.2
Werkzeug     2.0.3
wheel        0.33.1

但在我的 python 代码中，我无法导入 Flask。我的 pylinter 抛出错误，提示找不到 Flask。果然，如果我启动终端并打开Python3解释器，就会发生这种情况

danielschnoll@Daniels-MBP ~ % python3
Python 3.8.9 (default, Oct 26 2021, 07:25:53) 
[Clang 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from Flask import flask
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Flask'
>>> 

回顾我的安装历程，我发现了以下内容

WARNING: The script flask is installed in '/Users/danielschnoll/Library/Python/3.8/bin' which is not on PATH.

嗯，确实如此。我手动将其添加到我的 .bash_profile

export PATH="$PATH:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin"

与我的 .bashrc 相同

export PATH="$PATH:/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/bin"
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/share/dotnet/dotnet

这是怎么回事？有人可以帮忙吗？谢谢